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Which of the following is true of the B Brown v. Board of Education ruling?


A) Its chief impact was felt in the northern states.
B) It primarily affected the southern states.
C) Its chief impact was to reduce the prevalence of de facto segregation.
D) It did little to limit de jure segregation.
E) The use of the phrase "with all deliberate speed" in the ruling helped to bring about swift legislative changes in the southern states.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Which of the following phrases best encapsulates the meaning of the term civil rights?


A) the guaranteed freedoms on which the government cannot intrude
B) the personal liberties of individual citizens
C) the assurance of equal treatment to all citizens regardless of group identity
D) the protection of members of historically disadvantaged groups from discrimination
E) the protection of all groups and individuals from discrimination

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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Describe the development of the modern women's rights movement. What are its historical precursors? What are its most pressing concerns today? What unique circumstances have women had to face in their struggle for equality?

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Regarding gays and lesbians serving in the military, President Clinton supported a policy


A) allowing lesbians to serve, but not gays.
B) allowing gays and lesbians to openly serve.
C) prohibiting gays and lesbians from serving at all.
D) of "Don't ask, don't tell."
E) essentially the same as the one adopted by President Obama.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and B)

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In recent years the Supreme Court has ruled that


A) statutory rape laws that apply only to female victims are constitutional.
B) requiring only men to register with the Selective Service is unconstitutional.
C) laws that prevent men from collecting alimony while allowing women to do so are constitutional.
D) prosecutors may choose to exclude either women or men from juries in order to create a jury sympathetic to their case.
E) single-sex nursing schools are legal and constitutional.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and E)

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In deciding a case involving a law that allegedly discriminated against gay citizens, the Supreme Court would most likely apply the


A) rational basis test.
B) due process test.
C) intermediate scrutiny test.
D) original intention test.
E) strict scrutiny test.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Which Supreme Court decision ruled that the Defense of Marriage Act violated the equal protection clause and was unconstitutional?


A) Loving v. Virginia
B) Lawrence v. Texas
C) Bowers v. Hardwick
D) United States v. Windsor
E) Obergefell v. Hodges

F) B) and D)
G) A) and D)

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Who was the leader of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, founded in 1890?


A) Abigail Adams
B) Susan B. Anthony
C) Lucretia Mott
D) Elizabeth Cady Stanton
E) Betty Friedan

F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

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Women's struggle for equality differs from other civil rights struggles primarily because women


A) have faced fewer obstacles to employment.
B) have faced fewer obstacles to political participation.
C) are not a minority.
D) have no history of agitating for their rights.
E) have acquired their rights more fully and quickly than other groups, especially African American men.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

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The birth of the gay rights movement is most commonly traced to riots in


A) New York in 1969.
B) Miami in 1958.
C) San Francisco in 1974.
D) Chicago in 1983.
E) Los Angeles in 1962.

F) None of the above
G) All of the above

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Slavery was ultimately abolished from the United States by the


A) Emancipation Proclamation.
B) Compromise of 1877.
C) Twelfth Amendment.
D) Thirteenth Amendment.
E) Fourteenth Amendment.

F) A) and E)
G) C) and E)

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In the wake of Reconstruction, southern states used all of the following means to disenfranchise black voters EXCEPT


A) grandfather clauses.
B) explicit racial prohibitions on voting.
C) poll taxes.
D) literacy tests.
E) property qualifications.

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Describe the impact of the African American civil rights movement on other oppressed groups. Which tactics developed by African Americans did members of these other groups adopt? Which tactics did they develop on their own? Which group has the most success in bringing about legal changes to secure equal rights?

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Which of the following statements about the rights of older Americans is LEAST accurate?


A) In 1986, Congress phased out mandatory retirement for all but a few occupations, such as firefighting.
B) Because senior employees often make the most money, they are also often targeted for firing by employers looking to cut costs.
C) Some graduate schools reject older applicants out of hand, because such applicants will have fewer years to ply their trade.
D) Since 1967, federal law has protected workers over the age of 40 from unreasonable discrimination based on their age.
E) Despite, or perhaps because of, the various forms of discrimination they face, elderly Americans generally wield little political power or influence.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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The Civil Rights Act of 1964 did all of the following EXCEPT for


A) protecting voters by outlawing literacy tests.
B) creating the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
C) barring discrimination by accommodations engaged in interstate commerce.
D) prohibiting discrimination in employment based on race.
E) prohibiting discrimination in employment based on sex.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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In 2007, the Supreme Court took which of the following decisions on race and education?


A) It emphasized the need to expand efforts to ensure racial integration in public schools.
B) It opposed race-based public school initiatives, even if the goal of those initiatives is to enhance diversity.
C) It approved efforts to expand racial diversity in universities only if the methods employed were systematic and quantifiable.
D) It rejected all measures to encourage racial diversity at universities.
E) It avoided addressing cases related to racial initiatives in either universities or public schools.

F) C) and E)
G) A) and B)

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In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court decided that


A) because the internment of Japanese Americans was based solely on race, it was unconstitutional.
B) while the government had the right to send Japanese immigrants to internment camps, their native-born children, as American citizens, must be freed.
C) although Congress might had the power to order the internment of Japanese Americans, the president could not constitutionally do so by executive order.
D) in times of war, American citizens have no civil rights the government is obligated to respect.
E) the internment of Japanese Americans was a constitutional measure.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and D)

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The Fourteenth Amendment did all of the following EXCEPT


A) extend the rights of national citizenship to all Americans.
B) guarantee equal protection under the laws of any state.
C) guarantee all male citizens the right to vote.
D) ensure citizens of due process.
E) limit the ability of state governments to infringe on the rights of citizens.

F) C) and E)
G) C) and D)

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Which minority group is most responsible for pioneering the civil rights tactics other groups have adopted since the 1960s?


A) Asian Americans
B) gay and lesbian Americans
C) African Americans
D) Hispanic Americans
E) Native Americans

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Some call the struggle for equal rights for gays and lesbians the last major civil rights struggle for America. In what ways are gays and lesbians discriminated against? How has this discrimination been perpetuated? What is happening at the local, state, and national levels to combat this discrimination? What is the current extent of legal same-sex marriage in the United States?

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