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Exam 25: The Urinary System

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Question 51

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Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Structure most closely associated with granular cells.

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Question 52

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The glomerulus differs from other capillaries in the body in that it .

A) has a blood pressure much lower than other organ systems
B) is impermeable to most substances
C) is drained by an efferent arteriole
D) has a basement membrane

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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Question 53

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The filtration membrane includes all except .

Humans can survive for a period of time without water thanks to the ability of the kidneys to produce concentrated urine. Briefly explain the factors that allow this to happen.

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Proximal convoluted tubule cells.

The kidneys are stimulated to produce renin .

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Collecting duct.

The myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch.

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition.

Figure 25.1Using Figure 25.1, match the following: -Nephron loop.

The entire responsibility for urine formation lies with the nephron.

Rachael has been complaining of frequent and burning urination. She also reported seeing some blood in her urine. Her physician suspects cystitis. What is cystitis, and how can it cause these symptoms?

An older man sees his doctor for severe pain in his lower abdominal or flank area, elevated temperature, and nausea. Exhaustive tests rule out abdominal obstructions and infections. Plain X- rays indicate a radiopaque (whitish) spot in the area of his right ureter. Diagnose his problem. Give suggested treatment and prognosis.

Sodium- linked water flow across a membrane not under hormonal control is called water reabsorption.

In the kidneys, the countercurrent mechanism involves the interaction between the flow of filtrate through the nephron loop of the juxtamedullary nephrons (the countercurrent multiplier) and the flow of blood through the limbs of adjacent blood vessels (the countercurrent exchanger). This relationship establishes and maintains an osmotic gradient extending from the cortex through the depths of the medulla that allows the kidneys to vary urine concentration dramatically.

The collecting duct is impermeable to water in the presence of ADH.

In the absence of hormones, the distal tubule and collecting ducts are relatively impermeable to water.

Which of the following is not associated with the renal corpuscle?

Figure 25.2Using Figure 25.2, match the following: -Cells that reabsorb virtually all the nutrients.

Fetal kidneys have the primary responsibility of clearing wastes from the fetal blood.