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Exam 1: An Introduction to Child Development

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Question 31

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A researcher who believes that nature and nurture interact to produce high-achieving children would be MOST likely to make which of the following hypotheses?

A) Children who have older siblings will be more likely to do well in school than children who do not have older siblings.
B) Children whose parents have high IQs will be more likely to do well in school than children who do not have older siblings.
C) Both having an older sibling and having parents with high IQs will be associated with doing well in school.
D) Only when children have parents with high IQs will having an older sibling be associated with doing well in school.
E) None of the answers is likely to be the researcher's hypothesis.

F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

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Question 32

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Describe the results of Werner's Kauai study in terms of the effect of forming a close relationship with an

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adult outside the family on the outcomes...

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Question 33

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Which of the following factors is the greatest obstacle to poor children's chances of successful development?

Whether children sleep with their parents and to what age they do so in different parts of the world is an example of differences in: •sociocultural environment. •variation. •discontinuous development. •correlation.

To examine the effect of empathy training on teenagers' bullying behaviors, a researcher splits a group of high school students into two groups through random assignment. Group A is shown a movie about an interesting science experiment, and Group B is shown a movie about students being harmed by bullies. We consider Group A to be the group and Group B to be the group.

Researchers would be LEAST likely to examine the effect of with experimental design.

One of the best-known stage theories of cognitive development is the theory of:

Which of the following statements about crib speech is true?

To examine how children interact with their elementary school teachers on a daily basis, a researcher would probably use the technique.

Which type of design is best revealing of differences over time and patterns of change? •longitudinal •cross-sectional •naturalistic observation •microgenetic

A researcher would like to examine whether children who are high math achievers have better memories than do low math achievers. This researcher should use:

The "baby biography" was developed by:

One study discussed in the text demonstrated that infants with a particular form of one of the genes influencing production of a neurotransmitter associated with effortful attention had lower effortful attention than other infants only when they also were exposed to poor parenting. This study demonstrates which of the following principles?

A psychologist is interested in 4-year-old Jacob's knowledge of the differences between animals and vehicles. The psychologist gives Jacob a multiple-choice picture test in which he must write the letter of the correct answer on a separate answer sheet. However, Jacob has trouble identifying and writing some letters. On two separate occasions, Jacob receives the same score on the test. This method has:

A researcher asks children a series of predetermined questions about how much they like to play with their siblings. The researcher is using:

A researcher asks herself the following question: "Can effects within my experiment be attributed to variables that I intentionally manipulated?" What property of behavioral measurement is the researcher addressing? •interrater variability •internal validity •external validity •test-retest reliability

The child-developmental research method of preferential looking has yielded practical benefits for:

To examine the effectiveness of empathy training on children's sharing behavior, two months of training are provided to 3-year-old children living in rural Georgia. Six months later, the children's sharing behaviors are measured and compared to their pretraining sharing behavior. Improvements are considered the result of the empathy training. Which of the following properties is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Freud based his theory of child development in large part on:

Which type of design is best used when a pattern of change has been established and the goal of the study is to determine how the change occurs? •longitudinal •cross-sectional •structured observation •microgenetic