Question 1

Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

Accepted Answer

A)   Hormone A, which activates a G protein.
B)   Hormone B, which binds to a nuclear receptor.
C)   Hormone C, which stimulates the formation of a second messenger.
D)   Hormone D, which activates adenylate cyclase.E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 2

Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1)  nucleic acid derivatives 2)  polypeptides 3)  steroids 4)  proteins

Accepted Answer

A)   1, 3, 4
B)   1, 2, 3
C)   2, 3, 4
D)   1, 2, 3, 4
E)   1, 2, 4F) C) and D)
G) B) and D)

Question 3

Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   increased in number
B)   decreased in number
C)   chemically altered
D)   moved
E)   increased in number, decreased in number and chemically alteredF) A) and B)
G) B) and E)

Question 4

Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   in the nucleus or cytoplasm of their target cells.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 5

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)   water-soluble
B)   amino acid derivative
C)   protein
D)   lipid-solubleE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

Accepted Answer

A)   amplification
B)   positive feedback
C)   down-regulation
D)   up-regulationE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   activation of cyclic AMP
B)   activation of mRNA synthesis
C)   increased lipid synthesis by ribosomes
D)   opens membrane channels
E)   alters membrane permeabilityF) A) and C)
G) A) and B)

Question 8

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-membrane channels may be opened or closed

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 9

How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

A)   attached to proteins
B)   attached to carbohydrates
C)   attached to amino acids
D)   as free hormonesE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

Accepted Answer

A)   a cascade effect.
B)   a double loop effect.
C)   a protein kinase effect.
D)   a cyclic effect.
E)   a negative feedback cycle.F) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 11

Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH...

Question 12

Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

Accepted Answer

A)   in the cytoplasm of their target cells.
B)   on the plasma membrane of their target cells.
C)   in the lysosomes of their target cells.
D)   on the nuclear membrane of their target cells.
E)   on the endoplasmic reticulum of their target cells.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 13

Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

Accepted Answer

A)   acute hormone secretion
B)   episodic hormone secretion
C)   chronic hormone secretion
D)   long-term hormone secretionE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 14

_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of _______ chemical signals are released by cells...

Question 15

What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   paracrine
B)   neurotransmitter
C)   autocrine
D)   endocrineE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 16

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

Accepted Answer

A)   the action of a substance other than a hormone.
B)   the nervous system.
C)   other hormones.
D)   All of these choices are correct.
E)   None of these choices is correct.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 17

Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

Accepted Answer

A)   can dissolve in the blood as free hormone
B)   needs fenestrated capillaries to move out of the blood stream
C)   readily diffuses through capillary wall
D)   rapidly degraded by proteases in the bloodstream
E)   may have carbohydrates attached to give a longer half-lifeF) A) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 18

A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n)  _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   hormone response element
B)   transcription factor
C)   messenger RNA
D)   intracellular mediatorE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 19

Match the description with the type of receptor model.
-receptor molecule interacts with DNA

Accepted Answer

A)  nuclear receptor model
B)  membrane-bound receptor modelC) A) and B)
D) undefined

Question 20

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

Accepted Answer

A)   ion channels could be opened.
B)   IP3 may be activated.
C)   cyclic AMP production may be increased.
D)   DAG may be activated.
E)   All of the choices may occur from activated G proteins.F) C) and D)
G) A) and C)

Exam 17: Functional Organization of the Endocrine System

When a hormone binds to a membrane-bound receptor and activates G proteins,

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When a few intracellular mediator molecules activate several enzymes, and each of these activated enzymes activate still other enzymes, the hormone has initiated

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Predict which hormone would produce longer lasting effects:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which chemical class of hormone is more likely to need a binding protein for transport in the blood?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hormonal secretion can be regulated by

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_______ chemical signals are released by cells and affect other cell types locally without being transported in blood.

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Receptors for most water-soluble hormones are located

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Which of the following occurs when a hormone binds to a nuclear receptor?

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Hormone receptor molecules may be ____ in order to change the target cell's sensitivity to a given hormone.

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Match the description with the type of receptor model. -receptor molecule interacts with DNA

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Match the description with the type of receptor model. -membrane channels may be opened or closed

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Increasing levels of thyroid hormones decrease TSH levels. This is an example of _______ feedback.

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In ______, a cell increases the number of hormone receptors and becomes more sensitive to the hormone.

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What type of chemical messenger will act locally on nearby cells?

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How do most water-soluble hormones travel in the bloodstream?

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Receptors for most lipid-soluble hormones are located

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Which pattern of hormone secretion, exemplified by thyroid hormones, remains relatively constant over long periods of time?

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Given the following list of organic molecules, which includes hormones? 1) nucleic acid derivatives 2) polypeptides 3) steroids 4) proteins

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A chemical produced in a cell that activates specific processes in response to a hormone interaction with a membrane-bound receptor is referred to as a(n) _____.

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Cortisol, a lipid-soluble hormone is released into the blood. Predict what cortisol might do.

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