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​How must tube- and ball-type flowmeters be mounted?


A) ​vertically
B) ​horizontally
C) ​on a solid surface
D) ​Between 5 ft and 5.5 feet above the floor

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Argon and helium are _________________________ gases, which means they will not combine chemically with any other material, and will not affect the molten weld pool in any way.

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noble inert noble inert

​The useful life of a ceramic nozzle is affected by the _____________.


A) ​tungsten type and shielding gas flow rate
B) ​whether the torch is air or water cooled
C) ​current level and proximity to the work
D) ​type of current and type of base metal

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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​Flowmeters measure the flow rate of a shielding gas in __________units.


A) ​BTU or mm/sec
B) ​CHF or L/min
C) ​PSI or kPa
D) ​GPH or K/min

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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​What material should shielding gas hoses be made of?


A) ​Any material is fine; the gas is inert
B) ​plastic
C) ​rubber
D) ​copper

E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

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____________________ is the time during which the gas continues flowing after the welding current has stopped.

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Which of the following is true of erosion of the tungsten electrode?


A) Erosion can be completely eliminated.
B) Erosion can be limited using DCEP current.
C) The eroded metal does not transfer across the arc.
D) Slow erosion results in limited tungsten inclusions in the weld.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is true of grinding tungsten electrodes?


A) If the grinder is used for metals other than tungsten, particles of these metals may become trapped on the tungsten as it is ground, resulting in contamination when the arc is started.
B) A fine, hard grinding stone will result in more tungsten breakage and a poor finish.
C) The grinder used to sharpen tungsten should have a coarse stone.
D) A grinder should never be used to clean contaminated tungsten.

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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____ electrodes have a current-carrying capacity similar to that of pure tungsten, and may be used for both AC and DC welding currents.


A) Zirconium tungsten
B) Cerium tungsten
C) Lanthanum tungsten
D) Thoriated tungsten

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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The ____ protects the molten weld pool, the filler rod, and the tungsten electrode as they cool to a temperature at which they will not oxidize rapidly.


A) nozzle
B) preflow period
C) shielding gas
D) postflow period

E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

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____ additions are restricted to stainless steels because it is the primary cause of porosity in aluminum welds.


A) Nitrogen
B) Helium
C) Argon
D) Hydrogen

E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

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What is the most likely explanation for why DCEP has a cleaning action?

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There are many theories as to why DCEP h...

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Which of the following is true of breaking and remelting tungsten?


A) It should be melted by striking an arc on a piece of carbon.
B) It should be broken squarely.
C) It should be melted with a DCEN current.
D) It should not be melted by striking an arc on copper, as it will contaminate the tungsten.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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When the shielding gas flow rate is high, air is drawn into the gas envelope by a(n) ____________________ effect around the edge of the nozzle.

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Which of the following is an inert gas?


A) Nitrogen
B) Oxygen
C) Hydrogen
D) Helium

E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

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​Which nozzle material is clear?


A) ​ceramic
B) ​alumina
C) ​fused quartz
D) ​silicon nitride

E) C) and D)
F) None of the above

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​What is the purpose of a gas lens?


A) ​It filters out most of the harmful UV and some of the IR light.
B) ​It reduces the turbulence in the shielding gas.
C) ​It filters out dust and dirt that might be in the shielding gas due to a dirty shielding gas hose.
D) ​It helps to see the molten weld pool by magnifying it.

E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

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Which of the following is a way to minimize erosion of the tungsten electrode?


A) Using DCEN current.
B) Using as high a current as possible.
C) Using an air-cooled torch.
D) Using as small a size of tungsten electrode as possible.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Explain how tungsten electrodes are produced.

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Tungsten is produced mainly by reduction of its trioxide with hydrogen.Powdered tungsten is then purified to 99.95%, compressed, and sintered (heated to a temperature below melting where grain growth can occur) to make an ingot.The ingot is heated to increase ductility and then is swaged and drawn through dies to produce electrodes.These electrodes are available in sizes varying from .01 in.to .25 in.(0.25 mm to 6 mm) in diameter.The tungsten electrode, after drawing, has a heavy black oxide that is later chemically cleaned or ground off.

​Tungsten electrodes that contain elements such as lanthanum or yttrium are referred to as _____.


A) ​alternating current only electrodes
B) ​low-hydrogen tungstens
C) ​low-alloy tungsten electrodes
D) ​rare earth tungstens

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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D

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