A) Washington Irving and James Fenimore Cooper.
B) Edgar Allan Poe and Charles Baudelaire.
C) Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson.
D) Herman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne.
E) Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau.
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A) the lure of cheap lands for easterners and European immigrants.
B) construction of new roads through the mountains into the West.
C) the retreat of the Indian tribes after the War of 1812.
D) the abolition of slavery in the western territories.
E) the stable economic environment of the 1820s.
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A) militarily unprepared.
B) allied with France.
C) united in support of the war.
D) fortunate to have a strong and assertive commander in chief.
E) clear what its political and military objectives were.
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A) invading New York.
B) invading the Chesapeake Bay area.
C) invading the Delaware and Hudson Valleys.
D) blockading the Atlantic coast.
E) invading New Orleans and the Mississippi Valley.
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A) the American military strategy was hopelessly flawed.
B) no talented military commanders emerged.
C) of inadequate financing of the war.
D) the navy lacked skill and discipline.
E) of the nation's apathy and national disunity.
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A) resulted in another British victory.
B) was followed by the British invasion of Washington, D.C.
C) inspired the writing of "The Star-Spangled Banner."
D) was turned back in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend.
E) led to the composition of "The Battle Hymn of the Republic."
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A) a mere presidential declaration incapable of being enforced by the United States.
B) greeted with enthusiasm and gratitude in South America.
C) universally acclaimed in Britain as a great act of statesmanship.
D) welcomed with relief by European powers who as a check on British expansion.
E) acclaimed by anti-imperialist liberals and democrats in Europe.
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A) the portrayal of distinctive American landscapes by American painters.
B) the development of new American religions.
C) the rebuilding of Washington, D.C., as a more attractive capital.
D) the expansion and celebration of the American army and navy.
E) the publication of American schoolbooks and journals.
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A) bankruptcies in manufacturing industries.
B) overspeculation in frontier lands.
C) stock market overspeculation.
D) the failure to recharter the Bank of the United States.
E) a drought that resulted in poor agricultural production.
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A) provided American diplomats with a large bargaining chip at Ghent.
B) guaranteed American control of the Louisiana Purchase territory.
C) led Americans to accept the war as a complete stalemate.
D) forced the British to seek a peace settlement.
E) was won after the peace treaty was signed.
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A) to hand over Oregon.
B) to resume its cotton exports to England.
C) to return Florida to Spain.
D) to join Britain in warning European monarchs from trying to take over the new Latin American republics.
E) to void the Jay Treaty.
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A) led to the death of the Federalist party.
B) resulted in the resurgence of states' rights.
C) laid the basis for later southern secession from the union.
D) undermined the nationalist feeling emerging from the War of 1812.
E) made New England a center of anti-Washington sentiment for years.
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A) to impose customs duties on all imported products.
B) intended primarily to raise revenue.
C) intended primarily to protect American industry.
D) to establish "most favored nation status" for selected countries.
E) designed to protect American agriculture against foreign "dumping."
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A) properly observed Spanish territorial rights.
B) exceeded his orders and attacked Spanish forts.
C) established key American military bases at Pensacola and St.Augustine.
D) established the rule of law in the territory.
E) precipitated a war with Spain.
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A) it needed funds to suppress the rebellions in Latin America.
B) Jackson had effectively seized it and Secretary Adams backed him.
C) of the subtle diplomacy of John Quincy Adams.
D) President Monroe and his cabinet were determined to obtain it.
E) of the pressure from slaveholders seeking a new slave state.
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Multiple Choice
A) the militia was never called up to supplement the regular army.
B) disunity was widespread.
C) only a zealous minority supported the war.
D) at first many of the generals were senile Revolutionary War veterans.
E) the militia was poorly trained.
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A) the concern mainly with the security of America's own interest.
B) a principled American commitment to liberty and democracy in the Western hemisphere.
C) Secretary Adams's desire not to be drawn into European wars like the Greek rebellion against Turkey.
D) Monroe's and Adams's goal of containing maverick expansionists like Andrew Jackson.
E) the American fear of the Russian and British empires' growing power in the Western hemisphere.
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A) Spain's attempt to reconquer its Latin American empire.
B) the possibility of Russian expansion in Alaska and Oregon.
C) preventing American as well as British and French ventures in Latin America.
D) granting all remaining colonies in the Americas their independence.
E) British efforts to gain territory in Central America.
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