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Why did the atmosphere of Venus develop differently from that of Earth?

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Calculations show that Venus and Earth s...

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The largest volcano found on one of the terrestrial planets is ____________________.

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Outgassing produces gas rich in carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water vapor.

A) True
B) False

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What do astronomers generally believe about the origin of Mars's moons?


A) They formed with the planet out of the protoplanetary material.
B) They formed elsewhere and were captured at a later time.
C) They were ejected from Mars during its formation.
D) They were once a single moon and a later catastrophic event broke them in two.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Coronae on Venus are believed to be


A) impact craters.
B) caused by rising convection currents in the interior of Venus.
C) the result of plate tectonics.
D) located only in the polar regions of Venus.
E) much older than the highlands such as Ishtar Terra.

F) C) and D)
G) None of the above

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Evaluate the evidence that Mars had a liquid water past.

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Several types of formations hint at Mart...

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Explain the differences between composite and shield volcanoes.

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Composite volcanoes form above subduc...

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Which object has the most intense sunlight on it?


A) Mercury
B) Venus
C) Earth
D) Mars

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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____________________ formed as Mercury cooled and shrank.

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How is the greenhouse effect on Venus different to the same effect on Earth?

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​ Sunlight filters down through the clou...

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The greenhouse effect keeps Venus hot because


A) the atmosphere contains free oxygen.
B) the atmosphere is predominantly carbon dioxide.
C) the surface converts infrared into visible radiation.
D) the surface is free of sulfur compounds.
E) the magnetic field traps a large number of particles from the solar wind.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Venus is the planet closest to Earth in mass.

A) True
B) False

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The size of the volcanoes on Mars indicate that Mars has a(n) ____________________ crust than Earth.

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_____________ is a very long and deep canyon on Mars.


A) Valles Marineris
B) Ishtar Terra
C) Tharsis Bulge
D) Lobate Scarp
E) Phobos

F) A) and C)
G) D) and E)

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Astronomers on Earth are able to measure the rotation of Venus by using optical telescopes to watch surface markings as rotation carries them across the disk of Venus.

A) True
B) False

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The graph below plots the escape velocity of each planet along the vertical axis and its surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in the diagram could be retained in the atmosphere of Mars? The graph below plots the escape velocity of each planet along the vertical axis and its surface temperature along the horizontal. The lines plotted in the figure are the speeds of the fastest gas particles as a function of temperature for various gases. Which of the gases plotted in the diagram could be retained in the atmosphere of Mars?   A)  only CO<sub>2</sub> B)  only NH<sub>3</sub> C)  CO<sub>2</sub>, NH<sub>3</sub>, and O<sub>2</sub> D)  only H<sub>2</sub> E)  H<sub>2</sub> and He


A) only CO2
B) only NH3
C) CO2, NH3, and O2
D) only H2
E) H2 and He

F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

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The theory that Mercury shrank slightly when it was young has been proposed to explain


A) extended lava plains.
B) large craters.
C) magnetic field.
D) lobate scarps.
E) regolith.

F) B) and C)
G) A) and E)

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If you went to Mars, would you have to wear a space suit? Explain why or why not.

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Liquid water cannot survive on the su...

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The absence of folded mountain ranges on Mars suggests that it has been subjected to plate tectonics.

A) True
B) False

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The atmosphere of ____________________ contains acid compounds including sulfuric and hydrochloric acid.

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