Question 1

Spatial attention to one hemifield leads to increased neural activity in the fusiform gyrus in the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

On one trial of the Posner spatial cuing task,a flash of light validly cued the location of an upcoming target and enhanced the participant's reaction time to detect that target.Which of the following statements about the participant's subsequent responding to this location is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Detection of targets that appear in this position on subsequent trials will also be enhanced.
B)  Detection of targets that appear in this position on subsequent trials will be unaffected.
C)  Detection of targets that appear in this position on subsequent trials will be inhibited from now on.
D)  Detection of targets that appear in this position on subsequent trials will be temporarily inhibited.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 3

The P1 ERP is associated most closely with the

Accepted Answer

A)  direction of attention to the spatial location of a visually presented object.
B)  pop-out of feature-based visual targets in visual search.
C)  direction of attention to the specific ear through which a particular signal is presented.
D)  increased activity of cells in the primary and secondary auditory cortex.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

When Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) asked patients with the neglect syndrome to describe their own mental images of the Italian city in which they lived,the researchers found that

Accepted Answer

A)  these patients demonstrated a deficit in moving attention from one location in their mental images to another.
B)  patients had great difficulty in generating mental images in general.
C)  there was no evidence of neglect for internally generated mental images.
D)  the patients also neglected the contralesional side of their own mental images.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 5

All of the following describe differences between early-selection and late-selection models of attention EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  early-selection models argue that selection occurs before semantic analysis of incoming stimuli.
B)  late-selection models argue that human information processing has limited capacity,whereas early-selection models argue that capacity is unlimited.
C)  early-selection models argue that all higher-level information processing requires the use of attention.
D)  late-selection models argue that a stimulus may be categorized or even identified before selection.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 6

In exogenous cuing,the orienting of attention to the cue is driven primarily by the participant's goals.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

A patient who had a stroke in her right parietal lobe has extinction as a result of her injury.This person will fail to report a

Accepted Answer

A)  single visual stimulus presented to the contralesional visual field.
B)  single visual stimulus presented to the ipsilesional visual field.
C)  visual stimulus presented to her contralesional visual field if another stimulus is simultaneously presented to her ipsilesional visual field.
D)  visual stimulus presented to her ipsilesional visual field if another stimulus is simultaneously presented to her contralesional visual field.E) B) and C)
F) None of the above C

Question 8

Both early- and late-selection models of attention share the idea that

Accepted Answer

A)  a large proportion of incoming sensory information is filtered from further analysis before meaning is extracted.
B)  information is excluded from higher-level processing only after stimuli have been identified.
C)  the human information processing system cannot fully process every piece of information it receives.
D)  semantic encoding and analysis precede selection in information processing.E) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 9

Which of the following phenomena is the most consciously mediated?

Accepted Answer

A)  Inhibition of return
B)  Reflexive attention
C)  Exogenous cuing
D)  Endogenous cuingE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 10

________ is the idea that a stimulus does not have to be completely analyzed before it can be either selected for further processing or rejected as irrelevant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensory arousal
B)  Dichotic perception
C)  Early selection
D)  Late selectionE) C) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 11

During a particularly boring lecture,you carefully note the time on a clock that is mounted on the side wall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the professor's face.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  covert attention.
B)  inhibition of return.
C)  extinction.
D)  conjunction search.E) All of the above
F) B) and D) A

Question 12

Unilateral spatial neglect typically results from damage to the left temporal lobe.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Attention can be divided into two broad categories:

Accepted Answer

A)  neglect and extinction.
B)  voluntary and reflexive.
C)  cortical and subcortical.
D)  conscious and unconscious.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 14

Visual search for ________ targets requires the use of selective attention,whereas visual search for ________ targets can occur without attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  pop-out / conjunction
B)  pop-out / feature
C)  conjunction / feature
D)  feature / conjunctionE) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 15

Results of the Posner spatial cuing task showed that cuing participants to the location of an upcoming target decreased their reaction time to detect it because attention enhanced perceptual processing for the target.This finding is most consistent with ________ models of attention.

Accepted Answer

A)  gating
B)  bottleneck
C)  early-selection
D)  late-selectionE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

When spatial attention is introduced to one stimulus in a spatial array,simultaneous presentation of competing stimuli interferes less compared to the absence of spatial attention.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The ability to direct attention independently of gaze or eye fixation is called

Accepted Answer

A)  overt attention.
B)  covert attention.
C)  the attentional spotlight.
D)  visual search.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 18

According to research by Wolfe and colleagues (2000) ,visual search is most rapid when

Accepted Answer

A)  the focus of attention is driven by voluntary,controlled search.
B)  the focus of attention is driven by the sensory information.
C)  the number of distracters in the display is large.
D)  the number of features in the display is large.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

You are working diligently in the chemistry laboratory when suddenly a small explosion occurs in the rear of the room,immediately and automatically capturing your attention.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibition of return.
B)  exogenous cuing.
C)  voluntary orienting.
D)  early selection.E) C) and D)
F) None of the above B

Question 20

The main deficit in Balint's syndrome is that patients can focus attention on only

Accepted Answer

A)  contralesional objects.
B)  ipsilesional objects.
C)  one object at a time.
D)  the foveal part of the visual field.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 12: Attention and Consciousness

Spatial attention to one hemifield leads to increased neural activity in the fusiform gyrus in the ipsilateral hemisphere.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On one trial of the Posner spatial cuing task,a flash of light validly cued the location of an upcoming target and enhanced the participant's reaction time to detect that target.Which of the following statements about the participant's subsequent responding to this location is most accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The P1 ERP is associated most closely with the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Bisiach and Luzzatti (1978) asked patients with the neglect syndrome to describe their own mental images of the Italian city in which they lived,the researchers found that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following describe differences between early-selection and late-selection models of attention EXCEPT

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In exogenous cuing,the orienting of attention to the cue is driven primarily by the participant's goals.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A patient who had a stroke in her right parietal lobe has extinction as a result of her injury.This person will fail to report a

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Both early- and late-selection models of attention share the idea that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following phenomena is the most consciously mediated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

________ is the idea that a stimulus does not have to be completely analyzed before it can be either selected for further processing or rejected as irrelevant.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During a particularly boring lecture,you carefully note the time on a clock that is mounted on the side wall of the classroom while keeping your eyes fixated on the professor's face.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Unilateral spatial neglect typically results from damage to the left temporal lobe.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Attention can be divided into two broad categories:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Visual search for ________ targets requires the use of selective attention,whereas visual search for ________ targets can occur without attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Results of the Posner spatial cuing task showed that cuing participants to the location of an upcoming target decreased their reaction time to detect it because attention enhanced perceptual processing for the target.This finding is most consistent with ________ models of attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When spatial attention is introduced to one stimulus in a spatial array,simultaneous presentation of competing stimuli interferes less compared to the absence of spatial attention.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability to direct attention independently of gaze or eye fixation is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to research by Wolfe and colleagues (2000) ,visual search is most rapid when

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You are working diligently in the chemistry laboratory when suddenly a small explosion occurs in the rear of the room,immediately and automatically capturing your attention.This is an example of

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The main deficit in Balint's syndrome is that patients can focus attention on only

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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C

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A

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Visual search for targets requires the use of selective attention,whereas visual search for targets can occur without attention.

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B

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