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Exam 16: The Genetics of Populations

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Question 1

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Which of the following statements about directional selection are true? Please select all that apply.

A) Directional selection is also known as stabilizing selection
B) Phenotype frequency changes between generations with directional selection
C) Allele frequency does not change between generations with directional selection
D) The AA genotype is more advantageous than the aa genotype

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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B, D

Question 2

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Which of the following statements are true about 'survival of the fittest' in an evolutionary context? Please select all that apply.

A) The fittest organisms are those that reproduce most successfully
B) The fittest organisms are those that survive the longest
C) The fittest organisms are the same in every generation
D) The fittest individuals are improvements on earlier individuals in the species

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Question 3

Multiple Choice

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Which of the following statements about reproductive migration between populations is untrue?

Which of the following processes affects genotype frequencies without affecting allele frequencies?

In a population of 1000 people, 90 have red hair, 57 have brown hair, 521 have blond hair, and 332 have black hair. In this example population, the red hair allele, r, is recessive to alleles for black, brown, and blond hair. What is the frequency of the red hair allele in this population?

An experimental population contains a dominant allele T with frequency 0.65. What is the frequency of the recessive allele t? Assume that there are only two alleles for this locus.

Which of the following is the basis of natural selection?

A group of zoo chimpanzees was analyzed over several years. Which of the chimpanzees was the fittest in this environment? $\begin{array} { | l | c | c | c | c | } \hline \text { Name } & \begin{array} { c } \text { Age at } \\\text { death }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Weight } \\( \mathrm { kg } ) \end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { offspring }\end{array} & \begin{array} { c } \text { Number of } \\\text { surviving offspring }\end{array} \\\hline \text { Daisy } & 32 & 38 & 4 & 4 \\\hline \text { Bella } & 55 & 32 & 3 & 3 \\\hline \text { Lucy } & 46 & 43 & 6 & 2 \\\hline \text { Anna } & 28 & 45 & 5 & 2 \\\hline\end{array}$

The Icelandic population is of European descent, yet is very homogenous and carries some common polymorphisms that are rare in Europe. What factors have led to the difference between the Icelandic and European populations? Please select all that apply.

Positive assortative mating increases the proportion of heterozygotes in a population.

Which of the following statements about lactase persistence in humans are true? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following characteristics demonstrate increased fitness in bacterial populations? Please select all that apply.

Which of the following terms is used for a trait that allows organisms to better thrive and reproduce in their environment?

Compared to other populations, Tay Sachs disease is relatively common in the French Canadian and Jewish populations. Which of the following statements are true about two different populations that have an elevated incidence of the same genetic disease? Please select all that apply.

A haplotype on Chromosome 2 that contains the EDAR gene is found at a frequency of 90% in the Han Chinese population but is essentially absent in other populations. Which of the following pieces of evidence suggested that this haplotype had a recent origin?

Match the missing words in the following phrase. Frequency-dependent selection is a type of [A] selection. In [B] selection and heterozygote advantage, selection is [C] other individuals in the population, whereas frequency-dependent selection is [D] other individuals in the population.

Which of the following terms is used to describe alleles that share the same variants and haplotype and are found in closely related individuals?

Match the missing words in the following phrase. The [A] describes how often a particular DNA sequence is found in a [B]. The collection of all [C] present in a population is termed the [D]. [E] are variants that occur in a population at a [F] > 0.01.

Disruption of a bacterial DNA repair gene is likely to decrease the rate of evolution.

Which type of selection is responsible for the high frequency of the 'sickle cell allele' in some populations?