Question 1

"The Saints and the Roughnecks" by William Chambliss followed two groups of boys over the course of several years. Both groups did many deviant things. The Saints, eight young men from "white upper-middle-class families" potentially presented the greater danger to their community by driving drunk and vandalizing stop signs. However, it was the Roughnecks, six "lower-class white boys" who were "constantly in trouble with the police." Very different backgrounds and very similar actions produced very different expectations. Those expectations, or prophecies, had real consequences. All but one of the Saints went on to college and then to professional positions. Only two of the Roughnecks went on to college, both on athletic scholarships, while several of the rest adopted deviant lifestyles and careers, also known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   differential association.
B)   positive deviance.
C)   primary deviance.
D)   secondary deviance.
E)   stigma.F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

Question 2

What did Verta Taylor and Leila Rupp do in order to gain a naturalistic understanding of drag queens for their book Drag Queens at the 801 Cabaret?

Accepted Answer

A)   conducted extensive life-history interviews
B)   videotaped a great number of performances
C)   interviewed audience members as well as performers
D)   performed statistical analysis of the surveys they handed out to audiences at the drag shows they attended
E)   took the stage and performed with the drag queens they were studyingF) B) and E)
G) A) and C)

Question 3

According to Robert Merton's structural strain theory, which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to be a deviant?

Accepted Answer

A)   a young widow who has never been to college
B)   a middle manager who no longer has any hope of being promoted but continues to zealously follow the rules
C)   a middle-aged man who decides that his job is pointless and his life shallow and materialistic, so he moves to the woods and devotes himself to bird-watching
D)   a white college student from a middle-class family who's experimenting with drugs while in college and is interested in sports
E)   an illegal immigrant who has managed to get a job as a night janitorF) None of the above
G) C) and D)

Question 4

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)   actions that are harmful to society
B)   violations of social norms
C)   criminal activities
D)   immoral or unethical behaviors
E)   illegal activitiesF) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Question 5

According to Chapter 6, in colonial America, corporal punishments like branding or amputation were commonly used. What were these punishments designed to do?

Accepted Answer

A)   They were designed to cause loss of earnings.
B)   They were designed to mark the offender.
C)   They were designed maximize pain and suffering.
D)   They were designed to make the offender unmarriageable.
E)   They were designed to satisfy the victims.F) B) and E)
G) D) and E)

Question 6

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

Accepted Answer

A)   Deviance breaks down social cohesion and leads to revolution.
B)   Deviance makes it easier for the upper class to control the poor.
C)   Deviance helps the upper class maintain its power and influence in society.
D)   Deviance clarifies moral boundaries and affirms norms.
E)   Functionalist theory has no explanation for deviance because it has no societal function.F) C) and E)
G) B) and D)

Question 7

Osama bin Laden was probably the most reviled figure in American culture for a decade. How does the sociological idea of deviance help us understand why, in some cultures, he was celebrated as a hero?

Accepted Answer

Sociologists define deviance not in term...

Question 8

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose her to act in deviant ways. What is the key problem with such an approach?

Accepted Answer

A)   It leans too much on depictions of deviance in the media.
B)   It cannot explain why some people with very similar backgrounds act differently.
C)   It requires a great deal of statistical analysis.
D)   It focuses too much on the emotional appeal of certain types of crime.
E)   It requires psychiatric evaluations.F) A) and B)
G) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following is a strategy to negotiate everyday interactions with a stigmatized identity?

Accepted Answer

A)   retreat
B)   escapism
C)   interactionism
D)   functionalism
E)   passingF) None of the above
G) D) and E)

Question 10

Explain the concept of cash register honesty.

Accepted Answer

People who practice cash register honest...

Question 11

According to structural functionalist theory, some functions of deviance help clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Robert Merton advanced the idea that labeling can bring about self-fulfilling prophecies: that inaccurate beliefs, if repeated loudly and frequently enough, can become true. Compare the ideas of Merton and those of the sociologist Elijah Anderson, who believed that a self-fulfilling prophecy has contributed to racial conflict in the United States.

Accepted Answer

Deviant labels are powerful and can over...

Question 13

Many people today argue that convicted sex offenders should be chemically castrated or held in protective custody beyond their original sentences. What is the logic of these punishments?

Accepted Answer

A)   social justice
B)   incapacitation
C)   deterrence
D)   retribution
E)   rehabilitationF) B) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 14

According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who don't believe that they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have:

Accepted Answer

A)   deviance plus.
B)   in-group orientation.
C)   self-esteem.
D)   desistance.
E)   out-group orientation.F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

Question 15

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

Accepted Answer

A)   Various methods of corporal punishment are used, whereby petty criminals may be branded, have their ears cropped, have their noses slit, or even have their fingers cut off.
B)   Offenders are flogged or put in stocks to be publicly humiliated for a short period of time.
C)   Monetary fines are used for most norm violations.
D)   Meidung, or shunning, is used, a process whereby no one within the community will associate or even talk with a rule breaker for a set period of time.
E)   The offender is mandated to provide physical labor for the community.F) C) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 16

In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant, it must:

Accepted Answer

A)   inspire feelings of revulsion or disgust.
B)   depart from a norm and generate a negative reaction.
C)   be a deeply held belief.
D)   cause harm or injury to someone.
E)   violate a law.F) B) and C)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

Imagine that a powerful and influential person decided to heavily tattoo her own face with symbols and images that told parts of her life story. Would she be treated as a deviant?

Accepted Answer

A)   No, powerful people are often allowed to do things others find strange.
B)   Yes, any culture would consider that to be a deviant act.
C)   Yes, but there would be no negative reaction for fear of causing offense.
D)   No, there are several cultures where this sort of behavior is very common.
E)   Yes, it would be in the United States, though there are other cultures that would consider it normal or desirable.F) A) and B)
G) A) and E)

Question 18

Many people, especially young women, worry about maintaining a tan. Sometimes, if they don't have the time to tan naturally, they go to a tanning salon or use chemicals to simulate a tan. In some cultures, this might seem bizarre, which can help us realize that:

Accepted Answer

A)   the line between beauty and deviance is fluid and changes across time and place.
B)   Americans are very, very deviant.
C)   there are some types of body modification that are never tolerated anywhere.
D)   the rest of the world is not yet as normal as the United States and keeps backward practices and superstitions.
E)   people who get fake tans are deviant.F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

Question 19

For alcoholics, deviance avowal may be a very useful step because:

Accepted Answer

A)   it helps them avoid the pressure of having to fit into conventional society.
B)   the first step to recovery from alcoholism is admitting you have a problem.
C)   it allows them to take pride in their deviant behavior.
D)   it helps them find other individuals with similar deviant behaviors so they can drink together.
E)   it helps them avoid the shame and stigma of alcoholism.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 20

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

Accepted Answer

A)   A random sample of citizens are asked what crimes they have been the victims of in the past twelve months.
B)   A random sample of police officers are asked what crime levels they have observed.
C)   Every crime reported by over seventeen thousand law enforcement agencies in the United States is tabulated.
D)   The convictions of every district attorney in the United States are tabulated.
E)   Insurance claims are examined to see what damage was caused by crime.F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

Exam 6: Deviance

In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant, it must:

Correct Answer
verified

According to Robert Merton's structural strain theory, which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to be a deviant?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who don't believe that they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have:

Correct Answer
verified

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

Correct Answer
verified

For alcoholics, deviance avowal may be a very useful step because:

Correct Answer
verified

According to Chapter 6, in colonial America, corporal punishments like branding or amputation were commonly used. What were these punishments designed to do?

Correct Answer
verified

Imagine that a powerful and influential person decided to heavily tattoo her own face with symbols and images that told parts of her life story. Would she be treated as a deviant?

Correct Answer
verified

Many people today argue that convicted sex offenders should be chemically castrated or held in protective custody beyond their original sentences. What is the logic of these punishments?

Correct Answer
verified

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Deviant labels are powerful and can over...
View Answer

Many people, especially young women, worry about maintaining a tan. Sometimes, if they don't have the time to tan naturally, they go to a tanning salon or use chemicals to simulate a tan. In some cultures, this might seem bizarre, which can help us realize that:

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following is a strategy to negotiate everyday interactions with a stigmatized identity?

Correct Answer
verified

Osama bin Laden was probably the most reviled figure in American culture for a decade. How does the sociological idea of deviance help us understand why, in some cultures, he was celebrated as a hero?

Correct Answer
verified
Sociologists define deviance not in term...
View Answer

Explain the concept of cash register honesty.

Correct Answer
verified
People who practice cash register honest...
View Answer

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

Correct Answer
verified

According to structural functionalist theory, some functions of deviance help clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms.

Correct Answer
verified

What did Verta Taylor and Leila Rupp do in order to gain a naturalistic understanding of drag queens for their book Drag Queens at the 801 Cabaret?

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Correct Answer
verified

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose her to act in deviant ways. What is the key problem with such an approach?

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 6: Deviance

In order for a behavior, trait, or belief to be considered deviant, it must:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Robert Merton's structural strain theory, which of the following individuals would be LEAST likely to be a deviant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Erving Goffman, stigmatized individuals who don't believe that they should have to change or conceal their identities to make "normal" people more comfortable have:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Amish have neither the resources nor the desire to use prison as a sanction against members of their community who violate the rules. What sanction do they use instead?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For alcoholics, deviance avowal may be a very useful step because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Chapter 6, in colonial America, corporal punishments like branding or amputation were commonly used. What were these punishments designed to do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Imagine that a powerful and influential person decided to heavily tattoo her own face with symbols and images that told parts of her life story. Would she be treated as a deviant?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many people today argue that convicted sex offenders should be chemically castrated or held in protective custody beyond their original sentences. What is the logic of these punishments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How does the FBI's Uniform Crime Report measure crime?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedDeviant labels are powerful and can over...View AnswerShow Answer

Many people, especially young women, worry about maintaining a tan. Sometimes, if they don't have the time to tan naturally, they go to a tanning salon or use chemicals to simulate a tan. In some cultures, this might seem bizarre, which can help us realize that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a strategy to negotiate everyday interactions with a stigmatized identity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osama bin Laden was probably the most reviled figure in American culture for a decade. How does the sociological idea of deviance help us understand why, in some cultures, he was celebrated as a hero?

Correct AnswerverifiedSociologists define deviance not in term...View AnswerShow Answer

Explain the concept of cash register honesty.

Correct AnswerverifiedPeople who practice cash register honest...View AnswerShow Answer

Which of the following describes how deviance can be explained from the functionalist perspective?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to structural functionalist theory, some functions of deviance help clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What did Verta Taylor and Leila Rupp do in order to gain a naturalistic understanding of drag queens for their book Drag Queens at the 801 Cabaret?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would sociologists consider the best definition of deviance?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Most sociological studies of deviance focus on elements of an individual's background that would predispose her to act in deviant ways. What is the key problem with such an approach?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Deviant labels are powerful and can over...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
Sociologists define deviance not in term...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
People who practice cash register honest...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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