Question 1

Brock is working in the lab and has been able to demonstrate that ______.

Accepted Answer

A)   the opening of sodium channels causes an EPSP
B)   the opening of potassium channels causes an EPSP
C)   the opening of sodium channels cases an IPSP
D)   the opening of potassium channels causes an action potentialE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 2

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   It is released before the action potential occurs.
B)   It is taken back up into the presynaptic neuron.
C)   It is a gas.
D)   It is an organelle.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Even at rest, most neurons have periodic production of action potentials, known as the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous firing rate
B)   excitatory firing rate
C)   all-or-none law
D)   law of compensationE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 4

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   number of EPSPs only
B)   spontaneous firing rate
C)   number of IPSPs only
D)   ratio of EPSPs to IPSPsE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

Dr. Lattimer studies how the neurotransmitter dopamine is synthesized from tryptophan from the diet.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

Accepted Answer

A)   It synthesizes acetylcholine from the diet.
B)   It increases the sensitivity of the postsynaptic cell to acetylcholine.
C)   It blocks further release of the transmitter acetylcholine.
D)   It breaks acetylcholine down into components for recycling.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 7

What provides the building blocks for synthesizing nearly all neurotransmitters?

Accepted Answer

A)   Proteins found in the diet
B)   Breakdown products of DNA
C)   Breakdown products formed from other transmitters
D)   Methane and ethanolE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

Toshia is working in the lab trying to produce an IPSP in her cultured neurons. What should she do?

Accepted Answer

A)   Encourage sodium ions to enter the cell.
B)   Encourage potassium ions to enter the cell.
C)   Encourage chloride ions to leave the cell.
D)   Encourage chloride ions to enter the cell.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 9

Spatial summation refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple weak stimulations that occur in rapid succession
B)   a decrease in responsiveness after repeated stimulation
C)   multiple weak stimulations that occur at the same time
D)   an increase in the strength of action potentials after repeated stimulationE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   anterior pituitary; bloodstream
B)   hypothalamus; anterior pituitary
C)   hypothalamus; posterior pituitary
D)   posterior pituitary; hypothalamusE) None of the above
F) A) and B) B

Question 11

Glutamate opens sodium gates, enabling sodium ions to enter the postsynaptic cell. What type of effect is this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Metabotropic
B)   Ionotropic
C)   Modulatory
D)   OrthodromicE) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 12

Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon. This was based on what kind of evidence?

Accepted Answer

A)   Temporal summation
B)   Drugs that increase or inhibit activity at synapses
C)   The speed of reflexive responses
D)   Differences in diameter between axons and dendritesE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Luis is studying for a quiz on neurotransmission. He wrote in his notes that neurotransmitters are typically stored in _____ in the _____ neuron.

Accepted Answer

A)   vesicles; presynaptic
B)   dendrites; presynaptic
C)   vesicles; postsynaptic
D)   axons; presynapticE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 14

On advantage of nitric oxide is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   can be made by neurons efficiently
B)   is easily synthesized in a laboratory
C)   increases the growth of microglia
D)   safe for human cells in large quantitiesE) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)   Only the number of EPSPs impinging on an axon
B)   Only the number of IPSPs impinging on the dendrites
C)   The combined effects of EPSPs and IPSPs
D)   Summation effects of IPSPsE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 16

Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   infrequent, subthreshold excitation
B)   rapid succession of stimuli that each exceed threshold
C)   infrequent, inhibitory stimuli
D)   rapid succession of subthreshold excitationE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 17

Inhibitory synapses on a neuron ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperpolarize the postsynaptic cell
B)   weaken the cell's polarization
C)   increase the probability of an action potential
D)   move the potential closer to the cell's thresholdE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 18

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?

Accepted Answer

A)   Recycling of neurotransmitters
B)   Breaking down neurotransmitters via an enzymatic process
C)   Absorbing neurotransmitters by postsynaptic neurons
D)   Re-releasing neurotransmitters from postsynaptic neuronsE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 19

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   vesicles
B)   nodes
C)   axons
D)   dendritesE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Which category of chemicals includes adenosine and several of its derivatives?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neuropeptides
B)   Acetylcholine
C)   Monoamines
D)   PurinesE) A) and B)
F) A) and D) D

Exam 2: Synapses

Brock is working in the lab and has been able to demonstrate that ______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What makes nitric oxide unique among neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Even at rest, most neurons have periodic production of action potentials, known as the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The "decision" for a neuron to fire is determined by the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Lattimer studies how the neurotransmitter dopamine is synthesized from tryptophan from the diet.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the function of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What provides the building blocks for synthesizing nearly all neurotransmitters?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Toshia is working in the lab trying to produce an IPSP in her cultured neurons. What should she do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spatial summation refers to ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Releasing hormones are synthesized in the ____ and released in the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedB

Glutamate opens sodium gates, enabling sodium ions to enter the postsynaptic cell. What type of effect is this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sherrington deduced that transmission at a synapse must be slower than conduction along an axon. This was based on what kind of evidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Luis is studying for a quiz on neurotransmission. He wrote in his notes that neurotransmitters are typically stored in _____ in the _____ neuron.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On advantage of nitric oxide is that it ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What determines whether a neuron has an action potential?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Temporal summation most likely occurs with ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Inhibitory synapses on a neuron ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Reuptake is an alternative to which other process?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many neurons release neuropeptides mostly from the ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which category of chemicals includes adenosine and several of its derivatives?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

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Releasing hormones are synthesized in the and released in the .

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B

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Luis is studying for a quiz on neurotransmission. He wrote in his notes that neurotransmitters are typically stored in _ in the _ neuron.

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A

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D