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During the 2007 - 2009 financial crisis,many major financial institutions and business corporations were on the verge of collapse or failure;however,some of the very largest corporations and financial institutions were deemed as being ________ because their failure would cause cascading negative repercussions throughout the U.S.and many foreign economies.


A) toxic firms
B) boat rockers.
C) too large to ignore
D) too big to fail
E) none of the above

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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Banking system reserves plus currency held by the nonbank public is referred to as the:


A) money supply
B) monetary base
C) monetary multiplier
D) monetary requirement

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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The branch of government primarily responsible for the formulation of fiscal policy is the President and his Council of Economic Advisors.

A) True
B) False

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Continuing federal programs that stabilize economic activity are called


A) transfer payments
B) leveling programs
C) social insurance programs
D) socialist spending
E) none of the above

F) None of the above
G) A) and B)

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The branch of government primarily responsible for the formulation of fiscal policy is the U.S.Senate.

A) True
B) False

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When a customer demands additional currency and cashes a check for $500,all of the following occur except:


A) the deposits of the bank are reduced $500
B) required reserves are reduced
C) Federal Reserves notes decrease
D) additional reserves must be acquired if the bank has no excess reserves

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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During the 2007 - 2009 financial crisis,some of the very largest financial institutions were deemed as being "too big to fail" because their failure would cause cascading negative repercussions throughout the U.S.and many foreign economies.As a result,the Federal Reserve


A) moved to reduce liquidity in the monetary system and increased its target federal funds rate to above .25 percent.
B) worked with the U.S.Treasury to help facilitate the separation of financially weak institutions with institutions that were financially stronger.
C) both a and b are true
D) none of the above are true

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Federal Reserve open market operations,setting reserve requirement,and lending to depositories are:


A) usually conducted simultaneously
B) all designed to have their effect by influencing the reserves of depository institutions
C) of equal importance in their effort
D) functions shared with the U.S.Treasury

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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A budget deficit stimulates economic activity.

A) True
B) False

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Price inflation:


A) is relatively unimportant to individuals
B) is considered to be acceptable in the nation's quest for high levels of employment
C) levels the playing field and encourages investment by reducing the uncertainty about future returns
D) is almost always due to financing wars
E) none of the above

F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

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The multiplying capacity of primary deposits is reduced if:


A) no additional cash is withdrawn for hand-to-hand circulation
B) businesses increase their petty cash funds in U.S.banks
C) foreign countries deposit funds in U.S.banks
D) the U.S.Treasury deposits funds

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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The U.S.Treasury has little power to influence money markets.

A) True
B) False

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During the 2007 - 2009 financial crisis,___________ and __________,who were major participants in the secondary mortgage markets,were on the verge of financial insolvency and possible collapse in mid-2008.


A) Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac
B) the Federal Treasury and the Federal Reserve
C) Morgan Stanley and Smith Barney
D) Washington Mutual and Lehman Brothers
E) none of the above

F) A) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Who made the following famous statement: "The government's view of the economy could be summed up in a few short phrases: If it moves,tax it.If it keeps moving,regulate it.And if it stops moving,subsidize it."


A) Alan Greenspan
B) Ronald Reagan
C) Jimmy Carter
D) George Herbert Walker Bush
E) none of the above

F) C) and D)
G) B) and E)

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A country's economic policy actions are directed toward all of the following goals EXCEPT:


A) balance in the federal budget
B) high employment
C) price stability
D) all of the above are primary policy goals

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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Although the Treasury has vast power to affect the supply of money and credit,the Treasury largely limits its actions to taxing,borrowing,paying bills,and refunding maturing obligations.

A) True
B) False

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In fall 2008,the U.S.Congress and President George W.Bush responded to the financial crisis with the passage of the _____________ in early October of that year.


A) Economic Stimulus Act
B) Economic Recovery Act
C) Economic Stabilization Act
D) Economic Booster Act
E) none of the above

F) B) and D)
G) A) and B)

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The basic function served by requiring adequate bank reserves in the monetary system is to:


A) assure bank liquidity
B) provide the basis for the regulation of credit expansion and contraction
C) maintain adequate capital for investors
D) impose a burden of risk on bank stockholders
E) none of the above

F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

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Open market operations differ from discounting operations in that they are:


A) initiated by member depository institutions
B) designed to be of significance only to large city banks
C) initiated by the Federal Reserve
D) initiated by the U.S.Treasury

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Debt management includes all of the following except:


A) the types of securities to sell
B) the interest rate patterns to use
C) the types of refunding to carry out
D) all of the above

E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

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