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Exam 25: Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

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Question 51

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Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by ________.

A) tissue edema
B) extreme weight loss
C) confusion
D) nerve damage

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Question 52

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Match the electrolyte composition for the following: A) interstitial fluid B) intracellular fluid C) blood plasma -Sodium ions are highest in ________.

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Question 53

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Weak acids are able to act as chemical buffering systems for the body because they partially dissociate.

The movement of fluids between cellular compartments ________.

Match the following: A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypocalcemia C) Hypernatremia D) Hyponatremia E) Hypermagnesemia -Calcium depletion.

Heavy consumption of salt substitutes high in potassium can present a serious clinical problem when aldosterone release is not normal.

Match the following: A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypocalcemia C) Hypernatremia D) Hyponatremia E) Hypermagnesemia -Magnesium excess.

Match the electrolyte composition for the following: A) interstitial fluid B) intracellular fluid C) blood plasma -Bicarbonate ions are highest in ________.

Helen is a 62-year-old smoker. Her physician has diagnosed her as having emphysema that has caused her to hypoventilate. Surprisingly, when her blood pH is checked, it is 7.40. Why?

Describe the influence of rising PTH levels on bone, the small intestine, and the kidneys.

Dehydration can be caused by endocrine disturbances such as diabetes mellitus or diabetes insipidus.

A patient is admitted to the hospital in complete collapse. His blood pH is 6.8, and his HCO₃⁻ is 20 mEq/L. What diagnosis would you give and what prognosis? A medical history reveals that this patient is a chronic alcoholic.

Total body water is not a function of which of the following?

The most important force causing net water flow across capillary walls is ________.

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin.

The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.

It is impossible to overhydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions.

Respiratory acidosis can occur when ________.

Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?

Blood analysis indicates a low pH, and the patient is breathing rapidly. Given your knowledge of acid-base balance, which of the following is most likely?