Question 1

The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from ________,dating to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Kow Swamp;13,000 yBP
B)  Lake Mungo;42,000 yBP
C)  Melbourne;25,000 yBP
D)  Tasmania;35,000 yBPE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 2

Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population.What is a likely cause of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  the accumulation of genetic mutations over the last ten years
B)  the group's small breeding population,maintaining genetic diversity
C)  the accumulations of genetic mutations over time
D)  the introduction of genetic diversity from Europe and AsiaE) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 3

The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to:

Accepted Answer

A)  12,000 to 8,000 yBP.
B)  100,000 to 60,000 yBP.
C)  400,000 to 260,000 yBP.
D)  25,000 yBP.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 4

In the study of human evolution,scientists define modern in terms of:

Accepted Answer

A)  a series of distinctive anatomical traits that contrast with archaic traits from earlier hominins.
B)  a designated timeframe between the Upper and Lower Paleolithic.
C)  a series of anatomical traits that distinguish Cro-Magnon features from Neandertal's.
D)  traits like large browridges,large nasal sinuses,and a large masticatory complex.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 5

Discuss the two models of modern human origins-Out-of-Africa and Multiregional Continuity.Briefly describe their main tenets and discuss how the more recent assimilation model differs from each.

Accepted Answer

The Out-of-Africa thesis states that mod...

Question 6

A hominid fossil that has a long,low skull,projecting face and occipital bone,and large nasal aperture is likely to be classified as having ________ characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A)  modern
B)  australopithecine
C)  archaic
D)  apelikeE) All of the above
F) B) and C) C

Question 7

Allen's and Bergmann's rules are perfect examples of natural selection's effects on anatomical adaptations to environments in mammals.These include:

Accepted Answer

A)  the limb and trunk proportions of Neandertals.
B)  the cranial capacity of modern human populations.
C)  the quadrupedal nature of most mammals.
D)  the larger nasal apertures of archaic humans.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 8

What makes the hominin remains from Gran Dolina Cave,Atapuerca,of special interest to anthropologists?

Accepted Answer

A)  The small size of the new species of Homo erectus found here demonstrates the effects of evolving on an isolated island.
B)  Several of the bones have cutmarks,which most likely represents some sort of ritual or ceremonial treatment of the dead.
C)  Some of the bones have many cutmarks,indicating butchering and suggesting the earliest evidence of cannibalism in human evolution.
D)  Some of the bones show impact marks,suggesting that they were broken open for marrow by large carnivores that also lived in these caves.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 9

What do traits of anatomically modern humans include?

Accepted Answer

A)  a robust build of the postcranial skeleton
B)  large browridges and wide cheekbones
C)  flat cheekbones and small teeth
D)  a long and low brain caseE) None of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 10

At what European Upper Paleolithic site were anatomically modern human fossils discovered?

Accepted Answer

A)  Atapuerca,Spain
B)  Mauer,Germany
C)  Petralona,Greece
D)  Cro-Magnon,FranceE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 11

Approximately when do analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved?

Accepted Answer

A)  50,000 yBP
B)  200,000 yBP
C)  750,000 yBP
D)  1 million yBPE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 12

To date,where have the majority of Neandertal fossils been found?

Accepted Answer

A)  India
B)  Europe and western Asia
C)  northern Africa
D)  southeast AsiaE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

According to John Relethford,what is the explanation for Africa's high genetic diversity compared to Europe and Asia?

Accepted Answer

A)  These populations had different levels of adaptation to disease.
B)  Africa had the smallest population;genetic diversity is inverse to population size.
C)  At the origin of modern humans,more people migrated into Africa than out of Africa.
D)  Genetic drift increases genetic diversity in larger populations over time.E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

What is one way we can generalize about the archaic Homo sapiens?

Accepted Answer

A)  They were found only in Europe and Asia.
B)  They show a mixture of Homo erectus and Homo sapiens traits.
C)  They dated to the late Pliocene.
D)  They are usually found with Oldowan stone tools.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

The Middle Paleolithic is associated with ________ tools,which Neandertals produced.

Accepted Answer

A)  blade
B)  Acheulean
C)  flake
D)  MousterianE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

Early Native Americans used which distinctive fluted spear points to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  Mousterian points
B)  Solutrean blades
C)  Levallois flakes
D)  Clovis pointsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 17

What are the most distinctive features of cold adaptation in Neandertals?

Accepted Answer

A)  the suprainiac fossa and globular shape of the skull
B)  thick bones and extra muscles
C)  the body and the length of the arms and legs
D)  the retromolar space and heavy wearing on the teethE) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

All fossils of archaic Homo sapiens and earlier Homo erectus show:

Accepted Answer

A)  continued reduction in skeletal robusticity and tooth size.
B)  stabilization of brain size despite increased cultural complexity.
C)  increased chewing surface areas associated with increased meat in the diet.
D)  steadily decreased body size over time.E) None of the above
F) All of the above D

Question 19

The Neandertals' disappearance after 30,000 yBP involved their:

Accepted Answer

A)  disappearance from the fossil record,but partial assimilation in the modern human genetic pool.
B)  genetic isolation followed by complete extinction.
C)  physical and genetic evolution into modern humans.
D)  migration out of their Eurasian homeland into Africa.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Compared to modern Homo sapiens,archaic Homo sapiens had:

Accepted Answer

A)  cold adaptations such as a reduced cranial capacity and a wider nasal aperture.
B)  larger teeth often with unique wear patterns.
C)  warm adaptations such as shortened limbs and a wider nasal aperture.
D)  a protruding face,a protruding chin,and an occipital bun.E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 12: The Origins,evolution,and Dispersal of Modern People

The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from ________,dating to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sub-Saharan Africans show the largest genetic diversity of any human population.What is a likely cause of this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The fossils called Homo floresiensis were dated to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the study of human evolution,scientists define modern in terms of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss the two models of modern human origins-Out-of-Africa and Multiregional Continuity.Briefly describe their main tenets and discuss how the more recent assimilation model differs from each.

Correct AnswerverifiedThe Out-of-Africa thesis states that mod...View AnswerShow Answer

A hominid fossil that has a long,low skull,projecting face and occipital bone,and large nasal aperture is likely to be classified as having ________ characteristics.

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Allen's and Bergmann's rules are perfect examples of natural selection's effects on anatomical adaptations to environments in mammals.These include:

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What makes the hominin remains from Gran Dolina Cave,Atapuerca,of special interest to anthropologists?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What do traits of anatomically modern humans include?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

At what European Upper Paleolithic site were anatomically modern human fossils discovered?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Approximately when do analyses of modern human genetic variation indicate that Homo sapiens may have evolved?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To date,where have the majority of Neandertal fossils been found?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to John Relethford,what is the explanation for Africa's high genetic diversity compared to Europe and Asia?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one way we can generalize about the archaic Homo sapiens?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Middle Paleolithic is associated with ________ tools,which Neandertals produced.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Early Native Americans used which distinctive fluted spear points to hunt large-bodied Ice Age mammals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are the most distinctive features of cold adaptation in Neandertals?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All fossils of archaic Homo sapiens and earlier Homo erectus show:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

The Neandertals' disappearance after 30,000 yBP involved their:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to modern Homo sapiens,archaic Homo sapiens had:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The earliest archaeological evidence of humans in Australia is from ,dating to .

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The Out-of-Africa thesis states that mod...
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