A) informal sports are action-centered while organized sports are rule-centered.
B) both informal sports and organized sports are rule-centered.
C) informal sports are player-centered and organized sports are action-centered.
D) neither informal sports nor organized sports are action-centered.
F) A) and B)
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A) too many new public parks have been built by communities.
B) adult supervision causes children to become rebellious.
C) parents without resources may be defined as irresponsible.
D) parents spend too much time in cars with their children.
F) All of the above
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A) many adults have vested interests in keeping youth sports as they are.
B) there is a growing number of facilities and fields for youth sports.
C) people who run programs always see change as a threat.
D) burnout rates are so high that people are afraid to make any changes.
F) None of the above
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A) counteract the "feminized" values they learned at home from their mothers.
B) become less competitive in their relationships with each other.
C) accept the fact that they would not be as successful as their fathers.
D) learn homemaking skills that they could use after they were married.
F) A) and B)
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A) parents today are imitating their own parents' and grandparents' actions.
B) most parents are reliving their childhoods through their children.
C) sport programs demand that parents come to practices and games.
D) parental moral worth is now associated with the success of children.
F) All of the above
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A) children who excel in sports are those who have coaches at a very young age.
B) informal games help children develop a personal "feel" for the game.
C) organized games provide the best setting for learning how to improvise.
D) children must learn the rules of a sport before they reach 9-years old.
F) C) and D)
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A) a major impact on privately organized youth sports programs.
B) forced parents and coaches to make significant changes in their behavior.
C) given parents a way to control the leagues in which their children participate.
D) no significant impact on youth sports in the United States.
F) A) and B)
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A) Many parents today see the world as a dangerous place for their children.
B) The expectations for parents today are more demanding than ever before.
C) Families with both parents working outside the home is common today.
D) Parents know that playing informal games will harm child development.
F) A) and B)
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A) coaching education is not essential in youth sports.
B) children are ready at 5-years old to learn how to play team positions.
C) successful coaches always treat child athletes as potential stars.
D) children under 8-years old should not play highly organized sports.
F) All of the above
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A) the income of adults depends on the performances of children.
B) coaches use training methods used by college coaches.
C) children are encouraged to train with peers they don't know.
D) child athletes rebel against coaches and take over their own training.
F) A) and B)
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A) promoting the development of individuals.
B) benefiting the expansion of particular businesses.
C) contributing to the common good.
D) reaffirming the status quo.
F) C) and D)
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A) suffered from a lack of interest on the part of parents.
B) needed more improvement in officiating than in any major topic area.
C) had problems because children today have little interest in sports.
D) had lost its child-centered focus.
F) C) and D)
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A) that players have interpersonal skills and problem-solving abilities.
B) the existence of well-maintained play areas.
C) the availability of the proper equipment for every player.
D) that adults be available if they are needed to solve problems.
F) B) and D)
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A) help children learn that games require cooperation between opponents.
B) create clear rules so that children know how they should act at all times.
C) are dedicated to preparing children to play at higher levels of competition.
D) treat children as little adults to teach them lessons they can use as adults.
F) None of the above
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A) The standards used by many research ethics committees at universities.
B) Parents who object to anyone studying their children.
C) The decline of informal games played by children.
D) A lack of research skills among scholars who want to study children.
F) A) and B)
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