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Describe three common criticisms of assessment practices in special education and discuss cautions that should be addressed when interpreting standardized test results.

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They do not take cultural diversity into account,they focus on deficits in the individual alone,and they do not provide information useful in teaching.Cautions to consider when using standardized tests are to remember that tests give only clues about what a student has learned,scores must be interpreted with possible biases in mind,and testing alone is insufficient for classifying a student or planning an instructional program.

Instructional approaches that allow teachers to provide culturally sensitive instruction include all of the following EXCEPT


A) co-operative learning.
B) cross-age grouping.
C) classwide peer tutoring.
D) english-only instruction.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Which one of the following provides the best description of curriculum-based assessment?


A) evaluation of experimental educational programs
B) testing using actual instructional materials
C) examination of the effectiveness of a program's scope and sequence
D) evaluation of student performance on achievement tests

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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In reciprocal teaching,the teacher provides assistance in learning a task and then phases out the help as the student learns to use the strategy independently.

A) True
B) False

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Most authorities agree that in accepting and fostering cultural diversity,schools should


A) also provide instruction in skills needed to survive and prosper in the larger context of American culture.
B) not require students to learn English if they live in a community that is predominantly non-English speaking.
C) identify multiple sets of performance standards so that all students can succeed.
D) act as "gatekeepers," requiring that students graduating from high school meet standards of both the microculture and the macroculture.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

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When a student sees a teacher use a learning strategy and then tries it out,the technique is called


A) team teaching.
B) reciprocal teaching.
C) scaffolded instruction.
D) copy teaching.

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Assuming that one's cultural identity is sufficient to explain academic achievement or economic success is a form of


A) racism.
B) ethnicity.
C) cultural relativism.
D) stereotyping.

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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Compare and contrast the native language emphasis and the sheltered-English approach to teaching English as a second language.

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In the native-language emphasis approach,all academic instruction is initially provided in each student's native language,and English is taught as a separate subject.When the student has demonstrated fluency in English,he or she makes the transition in instruction in English in all academic subjects.In the sheltered-English approach,all content-area instruction is in English from the beginning of the student's schooling but at a level that is "sheltered," or constantly modified to make sure the student understands it.

Some exceptionalities are genetically linked to ethnicity.

A) True
B) False

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The disproportionate representation of ethnic minority students in special education points to the need for all of the following EXCEPT to


A) make available strong academic programs that foster success for all students regardless of their achievement.
B) implement effective procedures for referral,assessment,eligibility,classification,placement,and re-evaluation.
C) decrease the level of home/community involvement.
D) use diverse community resources.

E) None of the above
F) A) and D)

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A group that shares an historic origin,culture,heritage,and traditions,and that has its own political and economic interests is called a/an


A) microcultural group.
B) ethnic group.
C) exceptionality group.
D) macrocultural group.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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Interpretive Exercise Michael,a nine year-old fourth grader,has been referred for special education testing.According to his teacher,Michael has difficulty following directions in class and seldom completes his assignments on time.Michael's parents,who speak only Spanish at home,request that Michael be tested in Spanish.The psychologist,however,says that testing should be done in English because that is the language spoken in school.When the tests reveal that Michael is significantly behind the national norm for 4th graders in cognitive and academic development,school personnel recommend a special education placement.Michael's parents are perplexed.At home,Michael seems like any other nine year-old.He makes friends easily and can be trusted to operate the cash register in the small grocery store that his grandparents own. -Michael appears to have an exceptionality that is genetically linked to ethnicity.

A) True
B) False

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In order to reduce racism in the classroom,there should be no mention of cultural differences.

A) True
B) False

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False

Give an example of a scenario in which a students' cultural difference may appear to a classroom teacher as an exceptionality.

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Responses will vary but should include a...

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List as many subcultures as you can that help identify you as an individual.

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There are numerous subcultures that can ...

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Each of the following is a general purpose of multicultural education EXCEPT


A) to promote pride in positive aspects of one's own cultural heritage.
B) to foster positive attitudes toward cultural diversity.
C) to satisfy a large,tax-paying constituency.
D) to ensure equal educational opportunities for all students.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Identify the three general purposes of multicultural education.

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To promote pride in one's own cultural h...

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The use of language is a controversial aspect of multicultural education because of all of the following EXCEPT


A) it may not be appropriate to refer to a group as a "minority" if it constitutes half or more of the population in an area.
B) it is difficult to determine labels and terms that are acceptable for designating various groups.
C) it is generally agreed among professionals that English should be the only language of instruction.
D) it is difficult to decide what language(s) or dialect(s) should be used for instruction.

E) B) and C)
F) All of the above

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It is always desirable to avoid congregating students with exceptionalities for specific purposes.

A) True
B) False

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Which one of the following best describes the purpose of multicultural education?


A) It teaches children of ethnic minorities about their ancestors.
B) It provides bilingual education for non-English speakers.
C) It provides equal educational opportunities to all students.
D) It involves parents in their child's education.

E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

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