Question 1

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Accepted Answer

A)   The structural immaturity of the infant brain makes it unlikely that such emotions can be experienced in the first year.
B)   Infants characterized by negative affectivity are more prone to experience such emotions in the first year.
C)   The excitability of the amygdala plays an important role in the development of such emotions.
D)   Cultural differences in temperament prevent Asian infants from experiencing such emotions in the first year.E) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

List the three types of cries that have been identified in babies.

Accepted Answer

Babies have at least...

Question 3

In their longitudinal investigation, Chess and Thomas found that _____ percent of the children they studied could be classified as easy.

Accepted Answer

A)   25
B)   30
C)   40
D)   55E) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:

Accepted Answer

A)   insecure disorganized attachment
B)   insecure avoidant attachment.
C)   infant attachment security.
D)   poorly developed primary emotions.E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 5

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Accepted Answer

A)   Attachment becomes focused on one figure, usually the primary caregiver, as the baby gradually learns to distinguish familiar from unfamiliar people.
B)   Strangers, siblings, and parents are equally likely to elicit smiling or crying from the infant.
C)   Children become aware of others' feelings, goals, and plans and begin to take these into account in forming their own actions.
D)   With increased locomotor skills, babies actively seek contact with regular caregivers, such as the mother or father.E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

Question 6

Savina is low in activity level, somewhat negative in affect and doesn't like novelty. How would Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas most likely describe her temperament?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Savina is low in activity level, somewhat...

Question 7

Insecure avoidant babies show:

Accepted Answer

A)   displeasure by violently reacting to the situation.
B)   insecurity by avoiding the caregiver.
C)   secure attachment to the caregiver.
D)   insecurity by avoiding the stranger.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C) B

Question 8

In the Aka pygmy culture in Africa, fathers:

Accepted Answer

A)   leave the family once the mother has given birth.
B)   spend very little time with their infants.
C)   spend as much time interacting with their infants as mothers do.
D)   spend far more time with their infants than the mothers do.E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 9

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibition to the unfamiliar.
B)   positive or negative mood state.
C)   effortful control.
D)   (hyper)  activity level.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Fathers engage in more _____ than mothers do.

Accepted Answer

A)   peek-a-boo games
B)   reciprocal socialization
C)   rough-and-tumble play
D)   pat-a-cake gamesE) A) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Shoko responds positively to being picked up by others, and when put back down, freely moves away to play. She would most likely be classified as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   securely attached
B)   extremely inhibited
C)   difficult
D)   insecurely attachedE) A) and B)
F) A) and C) A

Question 12

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, what type of temperament does Josh have?

Accepted Answer

A)   Slow-to-warm-up
B)   Easy
C)   Difficult
D)   InflexibleE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Accepted Answer

According to Bowlby, attachment does not...

Question 14

The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.

Accepted Answer

A)   12; unpaid
B)   14; paid
C)   18; paid
D)   18; unpaidE) B) and C)
F) A) and B) A

Question 15

This ethological psychiatrist believes that both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.

Accepted Answer

The answer of This ethological psychiatrist believes that both infants...

Question 16

The _____ mandated a paid 14-week maternity leave in 1992.

Accepted Answer

A)   United Nations
B)   United States
C)   European Union
D)   WHOE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation conducted by Mary Ainsworth?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tina who is securely attached to her care-giver
B)   Henry who is an insecure resistant baby
C)   Clara who is an insecure disorganized baby
D)   Tobias who is insecure and avoidant toward his caregiverE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.

Accepted Answer

A)   adaptive
B)   avoidant
C)   resistant
D)   disorganizedE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)   object permanence.
B)   scaffolding.
C)   attachment.
D)   sociability.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A)   There will be no differences in their social functioning by age 8.
B)   Jeremy is more likely than Jason to have learning difficulty in elementary school.
C)   Jeremy is likely to be more shy and withdrawn than Jason.
D)   Jeremy is more likely than Jason to have high self-confidence.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Exam 4: Socioemotional Development in Infancy

What is the opinion of experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, on the infant's capacity to display emotions like guilt, pride, despair, shame, empathy, and jealousy in the first year?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

List the three types of cries that have been identified in babies.

Correct AnswerverifiedBabies have at least...View AnswerShow Answer

In their longitudinal investigation, Chess and Thomas found that _____ percent of the children they studied could be classified as easy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A recent study revealed that sensitive maternal responding was linked to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Bowlby's conceptualization of attachment, which of the following occurs during phase 3?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Savina is low in activity level, somewhat negative in affect and doesn't like novelty. How would Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas most likely describe her temperament?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Insecure avoidant babies show:

Correct AnswerverifiedB

In the Aka pygmy culture in Africa, fathers:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jerome Kagan's classification of temperament focuses on:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fathers engage in more _____ than mothers do.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Shoko responds positively to being picked up by others, and when put back down, freely moves away to play. She would most likely be classified as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

When Josh was dropped off at preschool on the very first day of class, he was quite upset. He cried for a long time and would not play with the other children. According to psychiatrists Alexander Chess and Stella Thomas, what type of temperament does Josh have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Briefly describe the four phases of attachment as identified by John Bowlby.

Correct AnswerverifiedAccording to Bowlby, attachment does not...View AnswerShow Answer

The United States currently allows up to _____ weeks of _____ leave for caring for a newborn.

Correct AnswerverifiedA

This ethological psychiatrist believes that both infants and their primary caregivers are biologically predisposed to form attachments.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ mandated a paid 14-week maternity leave in 1992.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following babies would appear disoriented in the Strange Situation conducted by Mary Ainsworth?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Caregivers of _____ babies often neglect or physically abuse them.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mary often plays the game peek-a-boo with her baby. Initially, Mary covers her baby and then removes the cover, registering "surprise" at the baby's reappearance. After a time, her baby does the covering and uncovering. This is an example of:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Jeremy is a securely attached infant; Jason is classified as an insecure infant. Which of the following statements about later functioning for these children is TRUE?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Babies have at least...
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B

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A

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According to Bowlby, attachment does not...
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The United States currently allows up to _ weeks of _ leave for caring for a newborn.

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A

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