Question 1

According to the text,if an Institutional Review Board were to consider reality TV from the perspective of the APA ethical guidelines,which of the following issues would be of greatest concern?

Accepted Answer

A)   Reality shows usually do not debrief their participants once the show is over.
B)   Some reality shows pose a great deal of psychological and/or physical risk.
C)   In reality TV shows, it is not possible to keep data gathered on individuals confidential.
D)   In reality TV shows, participants are usually not representative of the general population.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Professor Jordan has suggested to his students that as study time increases,grades increase.The professor is describing a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   mean score
B)   positive correlation
C)   negative correlation
D)   standard deviationE) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Which of the following statements about critical thinking is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   Critical thinking is the process of thinking deeply and actively, asking questions, and evaluating the evidence.
B)   Critical thinking comes into play when scientists consider the conclusions they draw from research.
C)   Critical thinking increases the likelihood that conclusions will be based on unreliable personal beliefs, opinions, and emotions.
D)   Critical thinkers question and test what some people say are facts.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

The empirical method best fulfills which of the following goals of science?

Accepted Answer

A)   Expectations
B)   Objectivity
C)   Subjectivity
D)   Political correctnessE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.This view contrasts with the _____ approach to psychology,which focuses on an organism's visible interactions with the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   behavioral/cognitive
B)   cognitive/behavioral
C)   psychodynamic/humanistic
D)   humanistic/psychodynamicE) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 6

_____ refers to the degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address.

Accepted Answer

A)   Internal validity
B)   External validity
C)   Face validity
D)   ReliabilityE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 7

According to _____ psychologists,your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember,make decisions,plan,set goals,and be creative.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic
B)   cognitive
C)   evolutionary
D)   humanisticE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

_____ believed that psychology should be about what people do,and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen (e.g.,internal states such as thoughts,feelings,and goals) .

Accepted Answer

A)   B.F. Skinner
B)   Wilhelm Wundt
C)   Sigmund Freud
D)   Carl RogersE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 9

A _____ is the entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions,whereas a _____ is the subset of the population selected to participate in the study.

Accepted Answer

A)   sample/population
B)   population/sample
C)   sample/confederate
D)   population/confederateE) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 10

_____ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind,whereas _____ probed the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Structuralism/functionalism
B)   Functionalism/structuralism
C)   Functionalism/psychodynamic theory
D)   Behaviorism/structuralismE) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Choosing a group of 50 students from a roster of all students in a nearby school and inviting them to participate in a study would be an example of one way to _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   execute a pilot study
B)   obtain a random sample
C)   obtain a sample of convenience
D)   reduce the potential for demand characteristicsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 12

After the study has been completed,the researchers should inform the participants of its purpose and the methods they used.This is in accordance to the principle of _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   deception
B)   informed consent
C)   confidentiality
D)   debriefingE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

In an experiment,the group that is NOT subjected to a treatment condition is known as the _____ group.

Accepted Answer

A)   control
B)   treatment
C)   experimental
D)   dependentE) A) and B)
F) B) and D)

Question 14

Which of the following statements is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   An operational definition provides an objective description of how a variable is going to be measured and observed in a particular study.
B)   In order to eliminate ambiguity, every variable should have only one operational definition.
C)   Describing the operational definitions for the variables in a study is a crucial step in designing psychological research.
D)   Operational definitions eliminate the fuzziness that might creep into thinking about how to measure an abstract variable.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

_____ refers to the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment.

Accepted Answer

A)   Validity
B)   Reliability
C)   Accuracy
D)   StabilityE) None of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

In an experiment,the _____ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the _____ is conceptualized as the "effect."

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent variable/independent variable
B)   independent variable/dependent variable
C)   third variable/independent variable
D)   third variable/dependent variableE) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 17

Longitudinal research involves _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   observing and measuring the same variables periodically over time
B)   randomly assigning participants to the control and experimental groups
C)   the random selection of participants within a particular population
D)   uncovering unconscious motives and conflictsE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 18

Which of the following theorists used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior?

Accepted Answer

A)   William James
B)   Wilhelm Wundt
C)   Charles Darwin
D)   Sigmund FreudE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 19

In a _____,neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated.

Accepted Answer

A)   double-blind experiment
B)   correlational research
C)   longitudinal design
D)   case studyE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 20

Aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave are known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   research cues
B)   participant effects
C)   confederates
D)   demand characteristicsE) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

According to _____ psychologists,your brain houses a "mind" whose mental processes allow you to remember,make decisions,plan,set goals,and be creative.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Jordan has suggested to his students that as study time increases,grades increase.The professor is describing a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the soundness of the conclusions that a researcher draws from an experiment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A _____ is the entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions,whereas a _____ is the subset of the population selected to participate in the study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ believed that psychology should be about what people do,and should not concern itself with what cannot be seen (e.g.,internal states such as thoughts,feelings,and goals) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind,whereas _____ probed the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a _____,neither the experimenter nor the participants are aware of which participants are in the experimental group and which are in the control group until the results are calculated.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ refers to the degree to which an experimental design actually reflects the real-world issues it is supposed to address.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _____ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.This view contrasts with the _____ approach to psychology,which focuses on an organism's visible interactions with the environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following theorists used the structuralism approach to studying human behavior?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about critical thinking is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,the _____ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the _____ is conceptualized as the "effect."

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Longitudinal research involves _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aspects of a study that communicate to the participants how the experimenter wants them to behave are known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,the group that is NOT subjected to a treatment condition is known as the _____ group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After the study has been completed,the researchers should inform the participants of its purpose and the methods they used.This is in accordance to the principle of _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Choosing a group of 50 students from a roster of all students in a nearby school and inviting them to participate in a study would be an example of one way to _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The empirical method best fulfills which of the following goals of science?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to the text,if an Institutional Review Board were to consider reality TV from the perspective of the APA ethical guidelines,which of the following issues would be of greatest concern?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is false?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A _ is the entire group about which the investigator wants to draw conclusions,whereas a _ is the subset of the population selected to participate in the study.

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_ involves using introspection to investigate the components of the mind,whereas _ probed the functions and purposes of the mind and behavior in the individual's adaptation to the environment.

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The _ approach to psychology views the mind as an active and aware problem-solving system.This view contrasts with the _ approach to psychology,which focuses on an organism's visible interactions with the environment.

Correct Answer
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In an experiment,the _ is conceptualized as the "potential cause" and the _ is conceptualized as the "effect."

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