Question 1

Which of the following would be an example of hindsight bias?

Accepted Answer

A)   Saying "I knew I would get an A on that test" after receiving your grade of A.
B)   Saying "I know I'm going to get an A on this test" before you take the test.
C)   Saying "I thought I was going to get an A on that test" after getting a C.
D)   Saying "I have never been able to get an A on any of Professor Hardguy's tests" after getting your highest grade ever, a B+.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

One possible explanation for infant amnesia related to encoding specificity is that

Accepted Answer

A)   we repress the cues needed to retrieve infant memories.
B)   we may not have the appropriate retrieval cues for infant memories because our physical and mental states have changed.
C)   the immature hippocampus prevents retrieval.
D)   infant memories are too vague to be encoding specifically.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 3

The term "working memory" has been adopted by many researchers to replace the more traditional term

Accepted Answer

A)   long-term memory.
B)   short-term memory.
C)   sensory memory.
D)   broken memory.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 4

The savings method of testing memory

Accepted Answer

A)   is similar to the recall method.
B)   requires physiological monitoring of brain activity.
C)   can be completed in less time than other methods of testing memory.
D)   can detect weaker memories than the recall method can.E) C) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

In the experiment by Peterson and Peterson that demonstrated the decay of short-term memory over 20 seconds, why did they ask their subjects to count backward by threes during the delay?

Accepted Answer

A)   to increase depth of processing
B)   to prevent rehearsal
C)   to enable subjects to engage in chunking
D)   to increase the probability of consolidationE) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 6

The cause of Alzheimer's disease

Accepted Answer

A)   appears to be a prolonged deficiency of vitamin B-1.
B)   is the accumulation of harmful proteins in the brain and a deterioration of brain cells.
C)   is entirely genetic, although the specific gene has yet to be identified.
D)   appears to be related to the consumption of alcohol.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 7

Students are given a series of items to memorize. They can spend as much time on each one as they need to memorize it, but after going on, they cannot go back. Despite spending as much time with each item as they think they need, most get only about half the items correct at the end. What conclusion do these results support?

Accepted Answer

A)   For most verbal items, short-term memory has a greater capacity than long-term memory.
B)   Most people cannot accurately judge how well they have learned something.
C)   The probability of forming a long-term memory is directly proportional to the time something remains in short-term memory.
D)   Massed practice is better than distributed practice for the consolidation of memories.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

People who suffer from amnesia usually lose some or all of their __________ memories but retain __________ memories that are relatively unimpaired.

Accepted Answer

A)   semantic...episodic
B)   episodic...semantic
C)   factual...procedural
D)   procedural...factualE) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

If you learn four sets of material that are similar to one another (for example, four European languages) , you are more likely to forget them than if you had learned four entirely different kinds of information (for example, French, botany, geography, and chess) . Why are you more likely to forget the similar sets of information?

Accepted Answer

A)   interference
B)   amnesia
C)   serial-order effect
D)   context-dependent memoryE) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

Question 10

Research on implanted (false)  memories suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)   it is almost impossible to implant a false memory.
B)   repeatedly suggesting that something "might have" occurred may implant or distort a memory.
C)   all reports of childhood sexual abuse are implanted.
D)   courts should be willing to accept all memories that are recovered by licensed therapists.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

Ebbinghaus memorized several meaningless lists of 13 items each and then tested his memory after various delays. During which time period did he forget the most material?

Accepted Answer

A)   during the first hour after memorization
B)   between the 8th and 12th hours after memorization
C)   between the 12th and 24th hours after memorization
D)   during the 2nd and 3rd days after memorizationE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

People in therapy sometimes report that they now recall some previously repressed memories of being sexually abused in infancy or early childhood. Many psychologists are skeptical of these reports because

Accepted Answer

A)   therapists' suggestions may have created false memories.
B)   actual sexual abuse produces such deep repression that the memory could not emerge so quickly.
C)   only hypnosis can uncover repressed memories.
D)   the actual frequency of childhood sexual abuse is known to be very low.E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

Question 13

In working memory the component that is responsible for governing shifts of attention is called the

Accepted Answer

A)   phonological loop.
B)   central executive.
C)   visuospatial sketchpad.
D)   consolidator.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 14

An essay exam is best described as a __________ test of memory.

Accepted Answer

A)   cued recall
B)   free recall
C)   recognition
D)   relearningE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 15

Prolonged deficiency of vitamin B-1 leads to a condition that is characterized by severe memory problems. The name of that condition is

Accepted Answer

A)   Kleine-Levin syndrome.
B)   Korsakoff's syndrome.
C)   Cotard's syndrome.
D)   Turner's syndrome.E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 16

What is a mnemonic device?

Accepted Answer

A)   a machine that measures brain waves
B)   a method for increasing speed of reading
C)   a method for improving memorization
D)   a machine that tests memoryE) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

Question 17

One of the components of working memory involves the manipulation of visual information, and is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   visual cliff.
B)   occipital cortex.
C)   visuospatial sketchpad.
D)   visual image processor.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 18

When someone is trying to memorize a list of items, memory will be better if the person organizes the items into related categories. Who is most likely to do so?

Accepted Answer

A)   young children, but not adults
B)   females, but not males
C)   adults, regardless of whether or not they have attended school
D)   people who have attended school for some length of timeE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

What is unusual about implicit tests of memory, as compared to the recall and recognition methods?

Accepted Answer

A)   Implicit tests of memory provide a direct measurement of the person's depth of processing.
B)   Implicit tests of memory are based on direct measurement of the activity of various parts of the brain.
C)   Implicit tests of memory sometimes show signs of memory even in people who say they do not remember.
D)   Implicit tests of memory require people not only to remember but also to explain how they remember.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

If you remember the 12-digit number "100110021003" as the three numbers "1001-1002-1003" you improve your ability to recall it by means of

Accepted Answer

A)   implicit memory.
B)   chunking.
C)   the von Restorff effect.
D)   context-dependent memory.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Exam 7: Memory

What is a mnemonic device?

Correct Answer
verified

One of the components of working memory involves the manipulation of visual information, and is known as the

Correct Answer
verified

People who suffer from amnesia usually lose some or all of their memories but retain memories that are relatively unimpaired.

Correct Answer
verified

The term "working memory" has been adopted by many researchers to replace the more traditional term

Correct Answer
verified

The cause of Alzheimer's disease

Correct Answer
verified

Ebbinghaus memorized several meaningless lists of 13 items each and then tested his memory after various delays. During which time period did he forget the most material?

Correct Answer
verified

When someone is trying to memorize a list of items, memory will be better if the person organizes the items into related categories. Who is most likely to do so?

Correct Answer
verified

One possible explanation for infant amnesia related to encoding specificity is that

Correct Answer
verified

What is unusual about implicit tests of memory, as compared to the recall and recognition methods?

Correct Answer
verified

The savings method of testing memory

Correct Answer
verified

Prolonged deficiency of vitamin B-1 leads to a condition that is characterized by severe memory problems. The name of that condition is

Correct Answer
verified

In the experiment by Peterson and Peterson that demonstrated the decay of short-term memory over 20 seconds, why did they ask their subjects to count backward by threes during the delay?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following would be an example of hindsight bias?

Correct Answer
verified

If you remember the 12-digit number "100110021003" as the three numbers "1001-1002-1003" you improve your ability to recall it by means of

Correct Answer
verified

People in therapy sometimes report that they now recall some previously repressed memories of being sexually abused in infancy or early childhood. Many psychologists are skeptical of these reports because

Correct Answer
verified

In working memory the component that is responsible for governing shifts of attention is called the

Correct Answer
verified

An essay exam is best described as a __________ test of memory.

Correct Answer
verified

Research on implanted (false) memories suggest that

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 7: Memory

What is a mnemonic device?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the components of working memory involves the manipulation of visual information, and is known as the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who suffer from amnesia usually lose some or all of their __________ memories but retain __________ memories that are relatively unimpaired.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term "working memory" has been adopted by many researchers to replace the more traditional term

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The cause of Alzheimer's disease

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ebbinghaus memorized several meaningless lists of 13 items each and then tested his memory after various delays. During which time period did he forget the most material?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When someone is trying to memorize a list of items, memory will be better if the person organizes the items into related categories. Who is most likely to do so?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One possible explanation for infant amnesia related to encoding specificity is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is unusual about implicit tests of memory, as compared to the recall and recognition methods?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The savings method of testing memory

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Prolonged deficiency of vitamin B-1 leads to a condition that is characterized by severe memory problems. The name of that condition is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the experiment by Peterson and Peterson that demonstrated the decay of short-term memory over 20 seconds, why did they ask their subjects to count backward by threes during the delay?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be an example of hindsight bias?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If you remember the 12-digit number "100110021003" as the three numbers "1001-1002-1003" you improve your ability to recall it by means of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People in therapy sometimes report that they now recall some previously repressed memories of being sexually abused in infancy or early childhood. Many psychologists are skeptical of these reports because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In working memory the component that is responsible for governing shifts of attention is called the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An essay exam is best described as a __________ test of memory.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research on implanted (false) memories suggest that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

People who suffer from amnesia usually lose some or all of their memories but retain memories that are relatively unimpaired.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

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