A) sale or handing over of Byzantine portraits to the Muslims.
B) destruction of nearly all pre-eighth-century religious art in the Byzantine empire.
C) adoption of conservative clothing styles by nobles and common people.
D) gradual acceptance of religious diversity in the East.
E) banning of all monastic orders within the Byzantine empire.
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A) but such a view may not be correct in light of the principalities they established across northern Europe from Ireland to Russia.
B) as evidenced by the raids they staged on virtually every population center in Europe from London to Paris to Rome itself.
C) because of the destruction caused to a great many monasteries throughout Europe and the accompanying loss of the libraries in those monasteries.
D) but this has been exaggerated since they stayed mostly in Scandinavia with only a few raids into England and northern France,destructive though those were.
E) which is true,but they have an undeservedly bad reputation when compared with the Magyars who conducted raids into western and southern Europe.
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Multiple Choice
A) Muslims insisted that all conquered peoples convert to Islam.
B) there were no Christians in the first lands that Muslims conquered.
C) the Pact of Unmark allowed for the total destruction of subject cities.
D) the Byzantines and Persians had become exhausted by their long wars against each other.
E) the subject peoples in conquered lands welcomed the Muslims as liberators.
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A) highly regulated,including wage and price controls.
B) subject to wild fluctuations due to currency debasement.
C) industrially underdeveloped.
D) renowned for its use of paper money.
E) depressed due to being cut off from trade with northern Europe.
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A) a highly centralized palace government.
B) a predictable system of succession to the imperial throne.
C) an efficient bureaucracy.
D) regulated wages and prices.
E) all of these
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A) Justinian's failed efforts to reconquer the western empire.
B) excessive taxes on agricultural lands.
C) Muslim raiders who disrupted trade routes.
D) the fact that much agricultural land was passing out of production and slave labor was less productive.
E) all of these
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A) Medina to Mecca.
B) Mecca to Quadratic.
C) Medina to Quadratic.
D) Quadratic to Mecca.
E) Mecca to Medina.
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A) unprecedented cooperation among the first popes and Roman emperors.
B) the high level of religious devotion found in the cities of the late Roman Empire.
C) the increasing worldliness of the church,the patronage of powerful families like the Merovingians,and a hunger to transform lives in accordance with the will of God.
D) religious teachings that encouraged extraordinary feats of self-denial and self-abasement.
E) the devastation caused by the collapse of the Roman Empire and the desire to escape from the prevailing turmoil.
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A) the Tigris-Euphrates basin of Mesopotamia.
B) the Nile Delta.
C) Syria and Lebanon.
D) Anatolia,in modern-day Turkey.
E) its capital,Constantinople.
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Multiple Choice
A) Convents met a variety of social and spiritual needs for aristocratic families.
B) Lower-class women flocked to convents as an improvement on the drudgery of their lives.
C) Nuns were the only women allowed to become priests.
D) Convents were a way for the families that founded them to make money.
E) all of these
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A) classical learning was the foundation on which Christian wisdom rested.
B) the Bible could be best appreciated if it were translated into robust French and German idioms.
C) original Latin poetry and epic literature were the highest form of art.
D) proper Christian doctrine should be widely disseminated and heretical beliefs should be strictly punished.
E) to be better Christians,everyone should pray and devote their lives to the Church.
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A) did not receive classical educations,since they were destined for domestic life.
B) could read but were not allowed to write history,novels,or poetry.
C) were generally educated at home by tutors,and some became literary figures of note.
D) were encouraged by parents to become actresses and singers like the Empress Theodora.
E) were educated in the public schools alongside the men.
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Multiple Choice
A) the entire Mediterranean world converted to Christianity.
B) the Greco-Roman world of antiquity divided into Byzantine,Islamic,and Latin Christian realms.
C) trade connections between North Africa and the Near East were ruptured by the Islamic conquests.
D) the entire Mediterranean world converted to Islam.
E) all of these
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A) Muslims abhorred homosexuality,whereas Greeks and Romans did not.
B) Muslim men had sexual access to slaves and concubines,whereas Greeks and Romans did not.
C) women were highly valued in Muslim society,whereas they were not in Greece or Rome.
D) Muslim men were permitted to have more than one wife,whereas Greek and Roman men were not.
E) all of these
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A) was constructed in a way that made light appear to come from directly above.
B) placed a massive dome on a building with a square shape.
C) was highly innovative in its external appearance and marble embellishment.
D) was the first Christian church converted into a mosque.
E) was the first building constructed completely from concrete.
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True/False
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