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Exam 29: Fungi

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Question 1

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At which stage of a basidiomycete's life cycle would reproduction be halted if an enzyme that prevented the fusion of hyphae was introduced?

A) meiosis
B) fertilization
C) karyogamy
D) plasmogamy
E) germination

F) B) and E)
G) C) and E)

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Question 2

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Lichens are symbiotic associations of fungi and ________.

A) mosses or algae
B) cyanobacteria or algae
C) green algae or liverworts
D) mosses or cyanobacteria
E) mosses or sponges

F) A) and C)
G) A) and E)

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Question 3

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Predict what you would see if you were looking at a new species of Zygomycetes.

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) . Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes 4 to 5 days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100 percent; other species seem able to survive the infection. -Why are mycorrhizal fungi superior to plants at acquiring mineral nutrition from the soil?

Why is it important that ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) have peptidase enzymes?

Some fungi have been instrumental in the development of human culture, including __________ in the Phylum ________ as they have been in use for hundreds of years in producing beer and bread.

In septate fungi, what structures allow cytoplasmic streaming to distribute needed nutrients, synthesized compounds, and organelles throughout the hyphae?

Which of these fungal features supports the phylogenetic conclusion that fungi are more closely related to animals than to plants?

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) . Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes 4 to 5 days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100 percent; other species seem able to survive the infection. -The adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is primarily related to ________.

________ form ectomycorrhizal relationships with temperate forest trees while ________ form arbuscular (endomycorrhizal) relationships with plants in grasslands and tropical forests.

Which of the following best describes the physical relationship of the partners involved in lichens?

When pathogenic fungi are found growing on the roots of grape vines, grape farmers sometimes respond by covering the ground around their vines with plastic sheeting and pumping a gaseous fungicide into the soil. The most important concern of grape farmers who engage in this practice should be that the ________.

Use the following information to answer the question(s) below. For several decades now, amphibian species worldwide have been in decline. A significant proportion of the decline seems to be due to the spread of the chytrid fungus, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) . Chytrid sporangia reside within the epidermal cells of infected animals, animals that consequently show areas of sloughed skin. They can also be lethargic, which is expressed through failure to hide and failure to flee. The infection cycle typically takes 4 to 5 days, at the end of which zoospores are released from sporangia into the environment. In some amphibian species, mortality rates approach 100 percent; other species seem able to survive the infection. -Apart from direct amphibian-to-amphibian contact, what is the most likely means by which the zoospores spread from one free-living amphibian to another?

Basidiomycetes are the only fungal group capable of synthesizing lignin peroxidase. What advantage does this group of fungi have over other fungi because of this capability?

It has been hypothesized that fungi and plants have a mutualistic relationship because plants make sugars available for the fungi's use. What is the best evidence in support of this hypothesis?

In both lichens and mycorrhizae, what does the fungal partner provide to its photosynthetic partner?

You observe the gametes of a fungal species under the microscope and realize that they resemble animal sperm. To which of the following groups does the fungus belong?

In most fungi, karyogamy does NOT immediately follow plasmogamy, which consequently ________.

What group of fungi has the ability to penetrate its host's cell wall, thus increasing the efficiency with which materials are passed from fungus to host?

Based on the idea that fungi have pores between their cell walls, which allow cytoplasm to move from one end of the mycelium to the other, which of the following hypotheses is the most plausible?