Question 1

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic interview
B)   structured interview
C)   naturalistic observation
D)   structured observationE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 2

Aaron is in 4th grade and comes from an economically disadvantaged home. Leo is in Aaron's class at school and comes from an average-income home. What difference between Aaron and Leo is likely to be observed?

Accepted Answer

A)   Aaron will have more health issues.
B)   Aaron is more likely to drop out of school.
C)   Aaron is likely to have a smaller vocabulary.
D)   Leo is likely to do worse in math.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 3

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)   dependent; independent
B)   independent; dependent
C)   control; experimental
D)   experimental; controlE) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

Of the following problems, which is the greatest limitation of laboratory experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)   poor interrater reliability
B)   third-variable problem
C)   inability to ensure that all participants are exposed to the same scenario
D)   questionable external validityE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 5

Which factor involved in a child's development is NOT an environmental factor?

Accepted Answer

A)   the extent to which a child's parents are involved in school
B)   the IQ of the child's father
C)   the attractiveness of the child's mother
D)   All of these are environmental factors.E) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 6

A researcher is interested in examining the association between how humourous children are and their school achievement. Two observers go to children's homes and judge children as "not funny at all," "slightly funny," or "very funny." On comparison of the observers' judgments, it is apparent that the observers have a high level of disagreement as to children's humour level. This measure of humour level has poor:

Accepted Answer

A)   test-retest reliability.
B)   interrater reliability.
C)   internal validity.
D)   interrater validity.E) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 7

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Accepted Answer

A)   Are older children better than younger children at playing hopscotch?
B)   What are the similarities and differences in the TV-viewing habits of elementary school students and junior high school students?
C)   Do children who are empathetic preschoolers become empathetic teenagers?
D)   How do children learn to solve jigsaw puzzles?E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 8

A town committee learns that there is a strong negative correlation between the number of centimetres of daily rainfall and the number of children who use the neighborhood playgrounds each day. If the committee were to conclude that high rainfall is caused by children not using the playground, which type of problem would MOST likely be occurring?

Accepted Answer

A)   third-variable
B)   direction-of-correlation
C)   direction-of-causation
D)   insufficient-knowledgeE) A) and B)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Accepted Answer

A)   children tend to feel most comfortable in their own homes.
B)   they wanted all children to be exposed to the identical situation.
C)   they were interested in children's subjective experience of the event.
D)   of all of these factors.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 10

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children who live with two parents are classified as coming from a low-income family?

Accepted Answer

A)   5%
B)   8%
C)   10%
D)   22%E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 11

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?

Accepted Answer

A)   basic pattern of age-related changes in a particular skill
B)   pattern of stability and change in individual children's development in a particular area
C)   how change in a particular skill occurs
D)   how individual differences remain stable over long periods of timeE) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 12

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Accepted Answer

A)   1.00
B)   .60
C)   0
D)   -.60E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

Question 13

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Joshua's bright blue eyes cause strangers to shower him with attention, which influence his wariness around strangers.
B)   Analisa's mother's anxiety about her daughter's academic success causes Analisa to panic whenever she takes an exam.
C)   Manny's quiet nature influences him to seek out other quiet children, with whom he plays quiet games, and to stay away from the more rambunctious children in his class.
D)   Bree's parents are both highly educated and surround her with books and puzzles, leading Bree to be an intellectually curious child.E) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 14

Which statement about the troubled homes in Patterson's study is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children responded to parents' punishment by behaving less aggressively.
B)   Children often acted in an angry manner.
C)   Children responded to their parents' anger with hostility.
D)   Parents reacted to children's hostility with increased anger.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Which variable is LEAST likely to be an independent variable in an experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)   TV-viewing behaviour
B)   family size
C)   hours of teacher training
D)   parental involvement in schoolE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 16

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Accepted Answer

A)   passage of time
B)   inconsistent findings across different groups of participants
C)   observer disagreement
D)   conflicting scores on multiple test daysE) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 17

In Werner's Kauai study, among children who were born with prenatal or birth complications and adverse family circumstances:

Accepted Answer

A)   100% developed into young adults with serious problems.
B)   about one-third demonstrated significant resilience, developing into typical young adults.
C)   approximately 15% developed serious problems as young adults.
D)   about two-thirds demonstrated some resilience with extra help from the school system.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Stage theories regard development as:

Accepted Answer

A)   active.
B)   passive.
C)   continuous.
D)   discontinuous.E) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 19

Groups created through random assignment should be comparable on all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   socioeconomic status.
B)   number of children in family.
C)   IQ score.
D)   experimental condition.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Accepted Answer

A)   exerting effort on tasks
B)   controlling emotions
C)   focusing attention
D)   inhibiting impulsesE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Exam 1: Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children who live with two parents are classified as coming from a low-income family?

Correct Answer
verified

Which factor involved in a child's development is NOT an environmental factor?

Correct Answer
verified

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Correct Answer
verified

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Correct Answer
verified

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?

Correct Answer
verified

In Werner's Kauai study, among children who were born with prenatal or birth complications and adverse family circumstances:

Correct Answer
verified

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Which variable is LEAST likely to be an independent variable in an experiment?

Correct Answer
verified

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Correct Answer
verified

Aaron is in 4th grade and comes from an economically disadvantaged home. Leo is in Aaron's class at school and comes from an average-income home. What difference between Aaron and Leo is likely to be observed?

Correct Answer
verified

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Correct Answer
verified

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Correct Answer
verified

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Correct Answer
verified

Which statement about the troubled homes in Patterson's study is NOT true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Stage theories regard development as:

Correct Answer
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Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Correct Answer
verified

Of the following problems, which is the greatest limitation of laboratory experiments?

Correct Answer
verified

Groups created through random assignment should be comparable on all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 1: Section 2: An Introduction to Child Development

Approximately what percentage of Canadian children who live with two parents are classified as coming from a low-income family?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which factor involved in a child's development is NOT an environmental factor?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _____ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _____ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A longitudinal design would be MOST useful for which research question?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A researcher would be MOST likely to use a microgenetic design to examine which topic?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Werner's Kauai study, among children who were born with prenatal or birth complications and adverse family circumstances:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which expression is MOST likely to represent the correlation between age of child and reading speed among children who are able to read?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which variable is LEAST likely to be an independent variable in an experiment?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In which data-gathering method do researchers try to remain unobtrusive?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Aaron is in 4th grade and comes from an economically disadvantaged home. Leo is in Aaron's class at school and comes from an average-income home. What difference between Aaron and Leo is likely to be observed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which activity is NOT a core component of effortful attention?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which item is a potential source of internal invalidity?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which scenario provides the BEST example of how children actively contribute to their own development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement about the troubled homes in Patterson's study is NOT true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Stage theories regard development as:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Kochanska and her colleagues probably chose to study toddlers' compliance with their mothers' requests with the methodology they used because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Of the following problems, which is the greatest limitation of laboratory experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Groups created through random assignment should be comparable on all of these characteristics EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

A class of 3rd-grade children is split into two groups through random assignment. Group A is given training in a new game, and Group B is not. Training in the new game is referred to as the _ variable, and game-playing skill at the conclusion of the study is referred to as the _ variable.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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