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Exam 21: The Evolution of Populations

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Question 21

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What is true of natural selection?

A) Natural selection is a random process.
B) Natural selection creates beneficial mutations.
C) The only way to eliminate harmful mutations is through natural selection.
D) Mutations occur at random; natural selection can preserve and distribute beneficial mutations.
E) Mutations occur when directed by the good of the species; natural selection edits out harmful mutations and causes populations to adapt to the beneficial mutations.

F) C) and E)
G) D) and E)

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Question 22

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In a very large population, a quantitative trait has the distribution pattern shown in Figure 21.3. Figure 21.3 -If the curve in Figure 21.3 shifts to the left or to the right, there is no gene flow, and the population size consequently increases over successive generations. Which of the following is (are) probably occurring? 1. immigration or emigration 2) directional selection 3) adaptation 4) genetic drift 5) disruptive selection

A) 1 only
B) 4 only
C) 2 and 3
D) 4 and 5
E) 1, 2, and 3

F) B) and E)
G) A) and D)

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Question 23

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During breeding season, one should expect female house finches to prefer to mate with males with the brightest red feathers. Which of the following terms are appropriately applied to this situation?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the β hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. -In the United States, the parasite that causes malaria is not present, but African-Americans whose ancestors were from equatorial Africa are present. What should be happening to the sickle-cell allele in the United States, and what should be happening to it in equatorial Africa?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the β hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. -Considering the overall human population of the U.S. mainland at the time when the slave trade brought large numbers of people from equatorial Africa, what was primarily acting to change the frequency of the sickle-cell allele in the overall U.S. population?

Which statement about the beak size of finches on the island of Daphne Major during prolonged drought is true?

Over time, the movement of people on Earth has steadily increased. This has altered the course of human evolution by increasing

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium must occur in populations where

If global warming permits mosquitoes to live at higher altitudes than they currently do, then in which direction should the entire plot in the correct distribution below be shifted? a. b. c. d.

You sample a population of butterflies and find that 56% are heterozygous at a particular locus. What should be the frequency of the recessive allele in this population?

Use the following information to answer the following questions. In those parts of equatorial Africa where the malaria parasite is most common, the sickle-cell allele constitutes 20% of the β hemoglobin alleles in the human gene pool. -With respect to the sickle-cell allele, what should be true of the β hemoglobin locus in U.S. populations of African-Americans whose ancestors were from equatorial Africa? 1. The average heterozygosity at this locus should be decreasing over time. 2) There is an increasing heterozygote advantage at this locus. 3) Diploidy is helping to preserve the sickle-cell allele at this locus. 4) Frequency-dependent selection is helping to preserve the sickle-cell allele at this locus.

Adult male humans generally have deeper voices than do adult female humans, which is the direct result of higher levels of testosterone causing growth of the larynx. If the fossil records of apes and humans alike show a trend toward decreasing larynx size in adult females and increasing larynx size in adult males, then

If the original finches that had been blown over to the Galápagos from South America had already been genetically different from the parental population of South American finches, even before adapting to the Galápagos, this would have been an example of

Arrange the following from most general (i.e., most inclusive) to most specific (i.e., least inclusive) : 1. natural selection 2) microevolution 3) intrasexual selection 4) evolution 5) sexual selection

Which of the following is most likely to produce an African butterfly species in the wild whose members have one of two strikingly different color patterns?

Every HIV particle contains two RNA molecules. If two genes from one RNA molecule become detached and then, as a unit, get attached to one end of the other RNA molecule within a single HIV particle, which of these is true?

Heterozygote advantage should be most closely linked to which of the following?

The higher the proportion of loci that are "fixed" in a population, the lower is that population's

Sexual dimorphism is most often a result of

In the year 2500, five male space colonists and five female space colonists (all unrelated to each other) settle on an uninhabited Earthlike planet in the Andromeda galaxy. The colonists and their offspring randomly mate for generations. All 10 of the original colonists had free earlobes, and 2 were heterozygous for that trait. The allele for free earlobes is dominant to the allele for attached earlobes. -Which of these is closest to the allele frequency in the founding population?