Question 1

According to Freud's theory, the ego

Accepted Answer

A)   is the executive part of personality.
B)   operates on the pleasure principle.
C)   is the major source of guilt feelings.
D)   operates only on a conscious level.E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 2

One would not observe unusually high rates of divorce in cultures that promote

Accepted Answer

A)   collectivism.
B)   ethnic diversity.
C)   personal privacy.
D)   individual human rights.E) All of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 3

Janet attributes her good grade on a difficult algebra test to her high level of mathematical skills. This most clearly indicates that she experiences a high level of

Accepted Answer

A)   self-efficacy.
B)   narcissism.
C)   reciprocal determinism.
D)   unconditional positive regard.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 4

Freud believed that the manifest content of dreams consisted of

Accepted Answer

A)   repressed memories.
B)   sexual and aggressive images.
C)   archetypes derived from our species' universal experiences.
D)   censored expressions of unconscious wishes.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

Free association is a key technique in

Accepted Answer

A)   self-actualization.
B)   humanistic theory.
C)   psychoanalysis.
D)   projective testing.E) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 6

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Accepted Answer

A)   neuroticism
B)   conscientiousness
C)   agreeableness
D)   extraversionE) None of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 7

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   an oral fixation.
B)   free association.
C)   the spotlight effect.
D)   the Oedipus complex.E) A) and D)
F) None of the above

Question 8

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   projection.
C)   denial.
D)   reaction formation.E) A) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 9

If children's positive self-esteem is largely a consequence rather than a cause of their successful accomplishments, parents would be best advised to enable their children to

Accepted Answer

A)   develop defensive self-esteem.
B)   recognize that positive self-esteem inhibits self-serving bias.
C)   effectively surmount challenges and achieve success.
D)   experience positive self-esteem regardless of how well or how poorly they perform.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 10

Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A)   trait theorists
B)   humanistic theorists
C)   psychodynamic theorists
D)   social-cognitive theoristsE) B) and C)
F) All of the above

Question 11

Neo-Freudians such as ________ were among the first to highlight a masculine bias in Freud's theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   Carl Rogers
B)   Karen Horney
C)   Walter Mischel
D)   Hazel MarkusE) B) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 12

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion. This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Accepted Answer

A)   psychodynamic
B)   social-cognitive
C)   trait
D)   humanisticE) B) and D)
F) C) and D)

Question 13

According to Freud's theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between

Accepted Answer

A)   our unacceptable urges and our tendency to become self-actualized.
B)   the process of identification and the ego's defense mechanisms.
C)   the collective unconscious and our individual desires.
D)   our biological impulses and the social restraints against them.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A major criticism of trait theory is that it

Accepted Answer

A)   places too great an emphasis on early childhood experiences.
B)   overestimates the consistency of behavior in different situations.
C)   underestimates the importance of heredity in personality development.
D)   places too great an emphasis on positive traits.E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 15

Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

A)   phallic
B)   latency
C)   anal
D)   oralE) None of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 16

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Hafez shows signs of a

Accepted Answer

A)   weak superego.
B)   weak id.
C)   strong collective unconscious.
D)   strong ego.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 17

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of

Accepted Answer

A)   repression.
B)   rationalization.
C)   regression.
D)   displacement.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Accepted Answer

A)   regression.
B)   denial.
C)   displacement.
D)   projection.E) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 19

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from

Accepted Answer

A)   an Electra complex.
B)   the spotlight effect.
C)   the inferiority complex.
D)   the Barnum effect.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 20

Freud indicated that defense mechanisms

Accepted Answer

A)   increase anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
B)   reduce anxiety by consciously distorting reality.
C)   increase anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.
D)   reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Exam 12: Social Psychology

According to Freud's theory, personality arises in response to conflicts between

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neo-Freudians such as ________ were among the first to highlight a masculine bias in Freud's theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud indicated that defense mechanisms

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Refusing to believe or even to perceive painful realities constitutes the defense mechanism known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If children's positive self-esteem is largely a consequence rather than a cause of their successful accomplishments, parents would be best advised to enable their children to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One would not observe unusually high rates of divorce in cultures that promote

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Janet attributes her good grade on a difficult algebra test to her high level of mathematical skills. This most clearly indicates that she experiences a high level of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Free association is a key technique in

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When she was 8 years old, Inge was sexually abused by her uncle. At 14, Inge felt uncomfortable whenever she saw this uncle but was unable to understand why she felt this way. A psychoanalyst would be most likely to suggest that Inge is using the defense mechanism of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major criticism of trait theory is that it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Abdul mistakenly believes that his classmates are unusually hostile. In fact, Abdul is the most quarrelsome and aggressive child in the school. According to psychoanalytic theory, Abdul's belief that his classmates are hostile is a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to psychoanalytic theory, boys' fear of castration is most closely associated with

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Four-year-old John is very competitive with his father in trying to gain more attention from his mother. Freud would have suggested that John is going through the ________ stage of development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People who score high on the Big Five trait dimension of ________ tend to use more adjectives in their e-mail communications.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Freud believed that the manifest content of dreams consisted of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When 16-year-old Hafez received a large inheritance from his grandfather, he was tempted to purchase an expensive new car. He decided, instead, to deposit all the money into a savings account for his college education. A Freudian psychologist would suggest that Hafez shows signs of a

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Your score on an extraversion test does not neatly predict how sociable you will be on any given occasion. This observation is most clearly highlighted by ________ theories.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hasina was an abused child; as an adult, she is homeless and squanders any money she can find on alcohol. Alfred Adler would have suggested that Hasina suffers from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which theorists have been criticized for underestimating the human predisposition to engage in destructive and evil behaviors?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to Freud's theory, the ego

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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