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Exam 13: How Populations Evolve

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Question 1

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Which of the following conditions would tend to make the Hardy- Weinberg equation more accurate for predicting the genotype frequencies of future generations in a population of a sexually reproducing species?

A) mutations that alter the gene pool
B) a tendency on the part of females to mate with the healthiest males
C) little gene flow with surrounding populations
D) a small population size

E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

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C

Question 2

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Mothers and teachers have often said they need another pair of eyes on the backs of their heads.And another pair of hands would come in handy in many situations.You can imagine that these traits would have been advantageous to our early hunter- gatherer ancestors as well.According to sound evolutionary reasoning,what is the most likely explanation for why humans do not have these traits?

A) Because they actually would not be beneficial to the fitness of individuals who possessed them.Natural selection always produces the most beneficial traits for a particular organism in a particular environment.
B) Because humans are a relatively young species.If we stick around and adapt for long enough,it is inevitable that the required adaptations will arise.
C) Because these variations have probably never appeared in a healthy human.As tetrapods we are pretty much stuck with a four- limbed,two- eyed body plan; natural selection can only edit existing variations.
D) Because every time they have arisen before,the individual mutants bearing these traits have been killed by chance events.Chance and natural selection interact.

E) B) and C)
F) B) and D)

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Question 3

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Genetic drift resulting from a disaster that drastically reduces population size is called

Which of the following terms represents the frequency of heterozygotes in a population that is in Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium?

According to this figure,which pair of organisms shares the most recent common ancestor?

Mate- attracting features such as the bright plumage of a male peacock result from

Genetic differences between populations tend to be reduced by

Which of the following assumptions or observations is not part of Darwin's idea of natural selection?

Tay- Sachs is inherited as an autosomal recessive allele.Homozygous individuals die within the first few years of life.However,there is some evidence that heterozygous individuals are more resistant to tuberculosis.Which of the following statements about Tay- Sachs is true?

A lot of your DNA is inherited "junk": It doesn't code for any protein and has no known function in gene regulation.How do nucleotide sequences of "junk DNA" evolve?

Which of the following would most quickly be eliminated by natural selection?

Which of the following best expresses the concept of natural selection?

A population of 1,000 birds exists on a small Pacific island.Some of the birds are yellow,a characteristic determined by a recessive allele.The others are green,a characteristic determined by a dominant allele.A hurricane on the island kills most of the birds from this population.Only ten remain,and those birds all have yellow feathers.Which of the following statements is true?

Which of the following statements would Darwin have disagreed with?

An elk herd is observed over many generations.Most of the full- grown bull elk have antlers of nearly the same size,although a few have antlers that are significantly larger or smaller than this average size.The average antler size remains constant over the generations.Which of the following effects probably accounts for this situation?

The sickle- cell allele produces a serious blood disease in homozygotes.Why doesn't natural selection eliminate this allele from all human populations?

Which of the following thinkers argued that much of human suffering was the result of human populations increasing faster than food supply,an argument that later influenced Charles Darwin's ideas of natural selection?

Which of the following disciplines has found evidence for evolution based on the native distributions (locations) of living species?

In populations of the greater prairie chicken in Illinois,genetic diversity was

Darwin found that many of the species on the Galápagos islands